환경책임보험의 Stop-Loss 재보험료 추정
Stop-Loss Reinsurance Premium for Environmental Impairment Liability Insurance
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초록
최근 환경오염으로 인하여 국민에게 발생하는 피해가 증가함에 따라 환경오염피해배상책임 및 구제에 관한 법률이 2016년 1월 1일부터 시행되었다. 환경오염사고는대규모 재난에 버금가는 거대한 손해를 일으킬 수 있는 특징이 있으며 피해의 범위가넓고 최종손해액이 결정되기 까지 오랜 시간이 소요될 수 있다. 정부는 새로운 법안을 마련하면서 책임이행을 위한 환경오염 사고 가해자의 재무적 책임이행 수단을 보완하는 방안으로서 환경책임보험을 강제하고 있으며 국가재보험을 활용할 수 있도록명시하였다. 본 논문은 낮은 빈도와 높은 심도 특성의 극단치분포 이론과 제한된 환경오염사고 경험자료를 보완하기 위한 부트스트랩핑 기법을 이용하여 환경책임보험에 적용 가능한 국가재보험 요율의 적정수준을 측정하는 방법을 제시하였다. 또한 과거 10년간의 환경오염사고자료를 이용한 실증분석을 통해 국가재보험요율을 산출하였다.
Abstract
Recently in Korea it has been observed that environmental damages are gradually increasing with respect to the frequency and severity of the liability claims. A new act, “Environmental Impairment Liability and Relief Act”, was enacted in 2014 and has been in effect from January 2016. Environmental damage is characterized by its deep severity and long development period until claim amounts are completely settled, which is similar to those of catastrophic or extreme event. Entities eligible to the new act are required to hedge environmental liability risk by purchasing environmental impairment liability (EIL) insurance. In order to encourage insurers to participate in the EIL insurance market, the new act allows reinsurance contracts written by the Government. In this paper, we propose a method of calculation of the Government EIL reinsurance rate. Considering the catastrophic characteristics of EIL losses, the extreme value theory and the bootstrapping method are adopted. Using recent 10-years environmental liability claims data, we provide numerical examples under 4 different model scenarios.
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