치료놀이(TheraplayⓇ)에서 놀이의 의미에 관한 현상학적 연구
Phenomenological Study on the Meaning of Play in TheraplayⓇ
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초록
본 연구는 놀이치료의 한 영역이지만 한편으로는, 독특한 지위를 차지하는 치료놀이에 대한 관심에서 유발되었다. 즉 치료놀이에서의 놀이가 어떤 맥락에서 어떠한 의미를 갖는지 천착하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 이에 치료놀이 맥락에 나타난 놀이의 특징을 파악하고 그 의미를 들여다봄으로 놀이의 본질이 무엇인지를 탐구하고자 하였다. 놀이의 본질에 대한 자유변경(free variation)의 일환으로, 본 연구에서는 현상학적인 방법을 활용하였다. 연구방법으로 활용된 현상학적 방법이란, 치료놀이 동영상에 나타난 주체들 간 상황을 중심으로, Husserl의 의식(noesis)-대상(noema) 상관작용의 지향성(intention) 따른 의미를 찾는 것이 기조를 이루었다. 이를 위해 판단중지(epoche)는 물론, Heidegger와 van Manen의 실존, Gadamer의 해석학적 순환이 실현되도록 상호텍스트성과 상호주관성을 염두에 두었다. 연구 결과, 치료놀이 놀이 맥락에서 나타난 특징은 다감각적 놀이, 놀이 아닌 놀이, 상호작용인 놀이, 부모-자녀 놀이로 나타났다. 놀이의 의미는 근본, 전환, 초월이었다. 논의는 크게 두 가지로 볼 수 있다. 하나는 치료놀이에서도 놀이의 ‘치료적 힘’을 신뢰하지만 무엇보다 치료놀이에서는 놀이의 ‘관계적 힘’이 근원임을 확인할 수 있었다. 다른 하나는, 치료놀이 이론의 발달과 통합에 관한 것이었다. 치료놀이의 역사적 흐름 속에서 치료놀이에서의 놀이는 뇌 발달에 부합하는 순차적 접근, 처방적, 통합적 접근을 지향함을 발견할 수 있었다.
Abstract
This study started from an interest in TheraplayⓇ which is a part of play therapy but a unique position. This study aims to explore the essence of play and reveal the meaning of play in TheraplayⓇ based on context and characters from phenomena of TheraplayⓇ. The phenomenological method was applied to this study as one way to free variation for revealing the essence of play. Based on Husserl, phenomenological perspective like intention between ‘noema’- ‘noesis’ was useful when analyzing the TheraplayⓇ video datum. Fundamental existential of Heidegger, van Manen, and Gadamer’s hermeneutics circle and epoche were considered. Intersubjectivity and intertextuality were also important. Characteristics are like ‘multi-sensory play,’ ‘play beyond play,’ ‘play as interaction,’ and ‘parent-child play.’ Play’s meaning in TheraplayⓇ is also categorized as ‘fundament,’ ‘transition,’ and ‘transcendence.’ According to these results, play in TheraplayⓇ can be discussed. One is that TheraplayⓇ’s play focused on ‘relational power’ rather than ‘therapeutic power.’ TheraplayⓇ can be used as a prerequisite for applying other playful interventions, not only TheraplayⓇ itself but also primary intervention before others. The other is about the development and integration of TheraplayⓇ theory. In the historical flow of TheraplayⓇ, it has been changing into nuerosequential, integrated, and prescriptive for children’s brain development.
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