본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

어린이의 하나님 개념 형성에 있어서 아동기 애착관계의 역할과 기독교 교육학적 함의

The Role of Childhood Attachment on Children’s God Concept and Educational Implications

함영주
한국복음주의신학회 (Korea Evangelical Theological Society)|2013.04|성경과 신학 (Bible and Theology)|제65권 |pp. 329-353

0

조회

0

다운로드

12

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

attachment아동기childhoodspiritual development애착관계영성 발달하나님 개념상응가설보상가설수정된 상응가설God conceptcorrespondence hypothesiscompensation hypothesisrevised correspondence hypothesis
주제분류기독교신학

초록

인간의 영성 발달에 있어서 아동기는 매우 중요한 시기이다. 지금까지 아동 기 영성 발달과 관련된 대부분의 연구 결과들은 주로 피아제와 같은 인지발 달 이론가들에 의하여 진행되어 왔다. 그래서 아동기 신앙발달의 인지적인 측면을 강조하는 연구들이 주류를 이루어왔다. 그러나 최근의 또 다른 연구 결과는 아동이 맺는 초기 보호자와의 관계의 질이 아동기의 영성 발달과 이 후 성인기의 영성 형성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고한다. 본 연구는 인간 영성 발달의 영역 중에서 아동의 하나님 개념 형성과 관련하여 아동기의 애 착관계가 어떤 역할을 하는가에 대하여 문헌적으로 살펴보는 논문이다. 상응 가설에 따르면 아동기의 안정된 애착관계가 이후 하나님에 대한 긍정적 이미 지 형성에 영향을 미친다고 보며 보상가설은 아동기의 불안정적인 애착관계 가 이에 대한 보상의 개념으로 성인이 되어 하나님과의 안정적 애착관계를 맺게 된다고 주장한다. 한편 수정된 상응가설에 따르면 아동이 갖게 되는 하 나님에 대한 개념은 아동이 사회화되는 과정을 거치면서 자연스럽게 형성된 다고 본다. 그러므로 안정적인 하나님에 대한 개념 형성을 위해서는 아동기 의 안정된 애착관계와 더불어 교육을 매개로 한 사회화의 과정이 필요하다.

Abstract

Childhood is the essential stage of spiritual development. Up to now, the main study of childhood spirituality was conducted through psychological or cognitive development using stage theories and Piagetian frame work. However, as many scholars recently have researched on the issue, the extent of the children’s relationship with their caregiver strongly influences on their spiritual development. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of secure attachment on childhood spiritual development, especially focused on the children’s concept of God. The studies based on correspondence hypothesis have supported the fact that security of child’s attachment relationship with parents or teachers is directly related to the God concept that a child has. The compensation hypothesis is that insecurely attached individuals with their primary caregivers in childhood make a secure relationship with God as compensation in order to establish compensatory relationship to regulate distress and obtain security. The revised correspondence hypothesis addresses that religious socialization is an important element to explain differences in children’s God concept. Therefore, children’s attachment with their secure caregiver and socialization process are essential elements in childhood spiritual development.

참고문헌 (44)

  1. Ainsworth, Salter, "Attachment beyond Infancy", American Psychology, 44(1989), pp.709~719 (1989)
  2. Benson, Peter, "God Image as a Function of Self-esteem and Locus of Control", Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 12, pp.297~310 (1973)
  3. Bowlby, John, "Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1: Attachment" (1969), Basic Books
  4. Bowlby, John., "Attachment and Loss. Vol. 2: Separation" (1973), Basic Books
  5. Bowlby, John, "Attachment and Loss. Vol. 3: Loss" (1980), Basic Books
  6. DeRoos, Simone, "Young Children’s God Concepts: Influences of Attachment and Religious Socialization in a Family and School Context", Religious Education, 101(1), pp.84~101 (2006)
  7. DeRoos, Simone, "Attachment, Working Models of Self and Others and God Concept in Kindergarten", Journal of the Scientific Study of Religion, 40(4), pp.607~618 (2001)
  8. DeRoos, Simone, "Effects of Mothers’and Schools’ Religious Denomination on Preschool Children’s God Concept", Journal of Beliefs and Values, 24(2), pp.165~181 (2003)
  9. Dickie, Jane, "Parent-child Relationships and Children’s Images of God", Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36, pp.25~43 (1997)
  10. Freud, Sigmund, "Totem and Taboo" (1918), Moffat, Yard and Company
  11. George, Linda, "Explaining the Relationshipsbetween Religious Involvement and Health", Psychological Inquiry, 13, pp.190~200 (2002)
  12. Granqvist, Pehr, "Religiousness and Perceived Childhood Attachment: On the Question of Compensation or Correspondence", Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37, pp.350~367 (1998)
  13. Granqvist, Pehr, "Attachment and Religiosity in Adolescence: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Evaluations", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, pp.260~270 (2002)
  14. Granqvist, Pehr, "Attachment and Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence In Handbook of Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence", pp.197~210 (2006), Sage Publications
  15. Granqvist, Pehr, "Religiousness and Perceived Childhood Attachment. Profiling Socialized Correspondence and Emotional Compensation", Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 38, pp.254~273 (1999)
  16. Granqvist, Pehr, "Religious Conversion and Perceived Childhood Attachment: A Meta-analysis", The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 14(4), pp.223~250 (2004)
  17. Hazan, Cindy, "Pair Bonds as Attachments: Evaluating the Evidence In Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Application", pp.336~354 (1999), Guilford Press
  18. Hertel, Bradley, "Parental Influences on God Images Among Children: Testing Durkheim’s Metaphoric Parallelism", Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 34, pp.186~199 (1995)
  19. Hwang, Mariana, "Understanding Korean-American children’s Christian Identity Development in Relation to their Concept of God", 박사, pp.2003
  20. Hyde, Kenneth., "아동기와 청소년기의 종교교육" (2004), 한국장로교출판사
  21. Kane, Donna, "Perceptions of God by Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: An Exploratory Study in an Underresearched Area", Journal of Psychology and Theology, 21, pp.228~237 (1993)
  22. Kim, Jonathan, "Cognition and Faith Formation: A Reflection on the Interrelationship of Schema, Thema, and Faith", Christian Educational Journal, 4(2), pp.308~321 (2007)
  23. Kirkpatrick, Lee, "Attachment Theory and Religious Experience In Handbook of religious experience", pp.446~475 (1995), Religious Education
  24. Kirkpatrick, Lee, "A Longitudinal Study of Changes in Religious Belief and Behavior as a Function of Individual Differences in Adult Attachment Style", Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 3, pp.207~217 (1997)
  25. Kirkpatrick, Lee, "God as a Substitute Attachment Figure: A Longitudinal Study of Adult Attachment Style and Religious Change in College Students", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, pp.961~973 (1998)
  26. Kirkpatrick, Lee, "Attachment and Religious Representations and Behavior In Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications", pp.803~822 (1999), Guilford Press
  27. Kirkpatrick, Lee, "An Attachment Theoretical Approach to Romantic Love and Religious Belief", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, pp.266~275 (1992)
  28. Larson, Larry, "Sex Differences in Symbolic Conceptions of the Deity", Journal of Projective Techniques and Personality Assessment, 28, pp.303~306 (1964)
  29. Lawrence, Richard, "The God Image Inventory: The Development, Validation and Standardization of Psychometric Instrument for Research, Pastoral and Clinical Use in Measuring the Image of God", 박사, pp.1991
  30. Main, Marry, "Cross-cultural Studies of Attachment Organization: Recent Studies Changing Methodologies and the Concept of Conditional Strategies", Human Development, 33, pp.48~61 (1990)
  31. McDonald, Angie, "Attachment to God and Parents: Testing the Correspondence vs. Compensation Hypotheses", Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 24(1), pp.21~28 (2005)
  32. Mcfarland, Marsha, "The Development of Intimacy in Heterosexual College Student: A Theoretical Perspective", 박사, pp.1996
  33. Nishikori, Hiroshi, "God-concept and Relationship with God among Japanese Evangelical Wesleyan Christians", 박사, pp.1999
  34. Pargament, Kenneth, "The Psychology of Religion and Coping: Theory, Research, Practice" (1997), Guilford
  35. Price, James, "A Study of the God Concepts of Emotionally Disturbed Children at a Child Care Center and the God Concept of Children in Three Methodist Church Schools", 박사, pp.1970
  36. Ratcliff, Donald, "Children’s Spirituality" (2004), Cascade Books
  37. Ratcliff, Donald, "The Spirit of Children Past: A Century of Children’s Spirituality Research", Christian Educational Journal, 4(2), pp.218~237 (2007)
  38. Rizzuto, Ana-Maria, "The Birth of the Living God : A Psychoanalytic Study" (1979), University of Chicago Press
  39. Rowatt, Wade, "Two Dimensions of Attachment to God and their Relation to Affect, Religiosity, and Personality Constructs", Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41(4), pp.637~651 (2002)
  40. Spilka, Bernard, "The Psychology of Religion: An Empirical Approach" (1985), Guilford
  41. Tamminen, Kalevi, "Religious Development in Childhood and Youth: An Empirical Study" (1991), Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia
  42. Tenelshof, Judith, "The Role of Secure Attachment in Predicting Spiritual Maturity of Students at a Conservative Seminary", Journal of Psychology and Theology, 28, pp.99~108 (2000)
  43. Vergote, Antoine, "Parental Images and Representations of God", Social Compass, 19, pp.431~444 (1972)
  44. Warren, Eileen, "Spiritual Maturity within an Attachment Framework", 박사, pp.1998

관련 논문AI추천

청년이 인지한 아동기 부모-자녀 애착이 인성 및 영성 발달에 미치는 영향함영주한국실천신학회 · 신학과 실천2017 · 제53호신앙발달과 애착 관계 – 파울러의 신앙발달 이론과 회피성 애착 사례를 중심으로노바울한국실천신학회 · 신학과 실천2021 · 제74호부모의 하나님 개념과 신앙생활 및 양육태도가 유아의 하나님 개념에 미치는 영향엄정애, 이영주한국유아교육학회 · 유아교육연구2008 · 제28권 제1호성인 애착행동과 하나님 애착에 대한 기독교상담적 고찰 - Kirkpatrick의 가설을 중심으로 -이향숙, 전요섭기독교학문연구회 · 신앙과 학문2010 · 제15권 제3호기독대학생의 성인 애착과 하나님 애착의 상관관계에 관한 연구: 경기도 S대학 학생들을 중심으로신승범한국기독교교육학회 · 기독교교육 논총2015 · 제43호아버지의 양육 유형이 자녀의 정서적 발달 그리고 하나님 아버지 이미지 형성에 미치는 영향에 관한 통합적 고찰이민선한국기독교교육학회 · 기독교교육 논총2018 · 제55호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (11건)

가족구조 변화에 따른 한국교회 목회상담의 방향: 한부모가족에 대한 목회적 돌봄과 상담의 방향을 중심으로전요섭pp. 1-35복음주의 기독교상담의 전개: 사마리아 여인과의 대화를 중심으로강용원pp. 37-73조손가족의 위기문제와 기독교상담강경미pp. 75-101은보(恩步) 옥한흠 목사의 선교적 교회론과 제자훈련목회박응규pp. 103-152존 웨슬리에 있어서 설교와 성찬의 의미와 관계: 한국 교회에서의 적용Ahn Deok Weonpp. 153-184
원문 보기