부모의 하나님 개념과 신앙생활 및 양육태도가 유아의 하나님 개념에 미치는 영향
The influence of parents’ concepts of God, their religious lives, and child-rearing attitudes on children's concepts of God
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본 연구의 목적은 유아의 하나님 개념이 어떠하며, 성별과 연령에 따라 어떠한 차이가 있는지 살펴보고, 부모의 하나님 개념, 신앙생활, 양육태도가 유아의 하나님 개념에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 그 경로를 살펴보고자 하였다. 서울시에 소재한 기독교(개신교) 부속 유아교육기관(유치원, 어린이집)에 재원 중이며, 부모 중 1인 이상이 기독교인인 만 4, 5세 유아 363명을 대상으로 하나님개념이 측정되었고, 어머니 353명, 아버지 267명을 대상으로 하나님개념, 신앙생활, 양육태도가 측정되었다. 연구결과 유아의 하나님 개념은 사랑의 하나님 개념이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며 여아가 남아보다 하나님을 더 가까이 계시는 분으로, 만 4세가 만 5세보다 하나님을 더 엄격하신 분으로 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 부모의 하나님 개념과 신앙생활 및 양육태도가 유아의 하나님 개념에 미치는 영향력의 효과는 신앙생활이 가장 높게 나타났고, 양육태도, 하나님 개념의 순으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 통해 볼 때 유아들의 하나님 개념은 성과 연령에 따라 다르게 나타나는 특성이 있음을 나타낸다. 또한 유아의 하나님 개념 형성에 있어 부모의 신앙생활과 같이 구체적인 삶의 모습이 가장 큰 영향을 미침을 시사하고 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine young children's conceptions of God through analyzing critical differences attributable to age and gender and exploring the effects of the parental conceptions of God, their religious lives, and child-rearing attitudes on their children's conceptualizations of God. Surveyed were 363 four to five-year-old children, each having at least one parent of a Christian faith, from 14 Christian kindergartens or daycare centers in Seoul and the children's parents, a total of 353 mothers and 267 fathers. The research results are as follows. First, in the children's God conceptualizations, "loving God" received the highest score and "strict God" received the lowest. The children’s concept of God was only partially differentiated by gender and age. The girls felt closer to God than the boys and the four-year-olds considered God stricter than the five-year-olds. Second, among the variables for parents, -the way they conceptualized God, their religious lives, and child-rearing attitudes-, religious life had the greatest effect on the children’s conceptualizations of God. This was followed by child-rearing attitudes and parents’ concepts of God respectively. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the manner in which parents acted in accordance with their concepts of God, that is to say, the religious lifestyles they chose as representing or interpreting their concepts of God, had the greatest effect on their children’s conceptualization of God.
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