본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

성인 애착행동과 하나님 애착에 대한 기독교상담적 고찰 - Kirkpatrick의 가설을 중심으로 -

Approach to Adult Attachment Behavior and Attachment to God through Christian Counseling - Centering Around Kirkpatrick's Hypothesis -

0

조회

0

다운로드

6

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류학제간연구

초록

본 연구는 최근 논란이 되고 있는 커크패트릭의 두 가지 가설에 근거한 애착이론을 기독교상담과의 적응가능성을 모색하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해 보울비의 애착이론과 확장된 성인 애착행동, 그리고 커크패트릭의 가설을 살펴보았다. 인간의 애착행동을 생존본능의 행동으로, 강한 자에게 연약한 자가 의존하고 삶을 향한 힘을 얻는 기반으로 설명한 보울비의 해석을 확장하여 커크패트릭은 하나님에 대한 신자의 애착행동과 동일시하였다. 하나님에 대한 애착과 성인 애착의 일치가설과 결핍된 애착욕구를 하나님으로부터 채운다는 보상가설을 증명한 많은 연구들을 기초로 신자의 초기 양육자와의 관계에서 형성된 불안정 애착이 왜곡된 표상으로 하나님을 인식하고 있다는 결과를 제기하였다. 기독교관점에서 볼 때, 부모와 하나님에 대한 애착의 근원은 하나님의 창조에 의한 본능적인 행동이다. 하나님의 형상으로 창조된 인간과 하나님과의 관계를 가장 잘 반영하고 있는 것은 부모의 자녀에 대한 무조건적 사랑과 자녀의 부모에 대한 온전한 의존이다. 그러므로 영혼구원과 기독교인의 신앙성숙을 목적으로 하는 기독교상담 현장에서 부모의 잘못된 양육에 의해 왜곡된 하나님 애착표상을 완전한 부모표상인 하나님표상으로의 재구성은 바람직한 상담방법이라고 할 수 있다. 나아가 초기애착은 기독교인의 건강한 삶을 인도하는 원동력이며 하나님표상 형성의 기초가 될 수 있으므로 조기 신앙교육과 바람직한 부모역할을 강조한다.

Abstract

The object of this study is grouping the possibility to apply the attachment theory, which is being discussed as the latest issue, based on two hypotheses by Kirkpatrick to Christian counseling. To achieve the object, the attachment theory by John Bowlby, the extended adult attachment behavior, and Kirkpatrick's hypothesis have been researched. By extending the explication by John Bowlby, who regarded human being's attachment behavior as survival instincts and explained weak person's relying on a strong one as the foundation for him to acquire the strength to live on, Kirkpatrick identified it with believer's attachment behavior to God. Through a lot of studies which proved the hypothesis identifying attachment to God with adult attachment and compensation hypothesis of making up deficient attachment desire from God, the uneasy attachment formed from the relationship at the initial stage between a believer and a fosterer resulted in becoming aware of God as a distorted image. In the terms of Christianity, the root of attachment to parents and God is an instinctive behavior made by God's creation. The best reflection of the relationship between human being created as the God's image and God Himself is parental love for a child and child's entire dependance on his or her parents. Therefore, in the Christian counseling of which the object is the growth of belief for Christian and the salvation of soul, it is thought to be desirable that the attachment image to God distorted by wrong parental bringing up should be reconstructed with God's image that is a complete parental image. In addition, because the attachment at the initial stage can be motive power leading to sound life and the base in forming God's image, the early education of a faith in Christianity and a desirable parental role should be emphasized.

참고문헌 (75)

  1. 문형춘, "내담자 성인 애착특성에 따른 내담자 및 상담자의 내현적 대인반응과 회기 성과", 박사, pp.2007
  2. 유영란, "성인 애착과 전문적 도움 추구 의도: 심리적 불편감, 지각된 사회적 지지, 자기은폐의 매개효과검증", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 18(2), pp.441~460 (2006), 한국상담심리학회
  3. 유영미, "어머니의 양육체계와 유아의 애착체계 간의 관계", 박사, pp.2004
  4. 이희숙, "성인 애착과 결혼만족 간의 관계", 박사, pp.2008
  5. 전요섭, "복음주의 기독교상담학" (2004), 한국가정상담연구소
  6. 전요섭, "기독교상담과 신앙" (2007), 도서출판 좋은나무
  7. 전요섭, "기독교상담학자" (2008), 쿰란출판사
  8. 정옥분, "애착과 발달" (2009), 학지사
  9. "조선일보 2010. 5. 11. 사회면", ~ (2010)
  10. 지승희, "회피형 내담자가 지각하는 상담 과정 및 변화 요인 연구", 박사, pp.2000
  11. 최해림, "한국판 신 애착질문지 타당화", 인간이해, 26 (2005), 서강대학교학생생활상담연구소
  12. 최해림, "부모 애착, 자기애, 신 애착의 관계", 인간이해, 27 (2006), 서강대학교 학생생활 상담연구소
  13. Adams, Jay E., "Competent to Counseling" (1970), Zondervan
  14. Anisworth, Mary. S., "Pattrens of Attachment:A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation" (1978), Lawrence Erlbaum
  15. Anisworth, Mary. S., "Attachments Across the Life Span", Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 61(9), pp.792~812 (1985)
  16. Barry William A., "영적 지도의 실제" (2003), 분도출판사
  17. Bartholomew, Kim, "Attachment Styles among Young Adults:A Test of a Four-Category Model", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), pp.226~244 (1991)
  18. Benoit, D., "Stability and Transmission of Attachment Across Three Generations", Child Development, 65, pp.1444~1156 (1994)
  19. Bretherton, Inge, "The Origins of Attachment Theory:John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth", Developmental Psychology, 28, pp.759~775 (1992)
  20. Bowlby, John, "The Nature of the Child's Tie to his Mother", International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 39, pp.350~373 (1958)
  21. Bowlby, John, "Separation:Anxiety and Anger" (1976), Base Book
  22. Bowlby, John, "Loss:Sadness and Depression" (1980), Basic Book
  23. Bowlby, John, "애착" (2009), 나남출판사
  24. Brennan, K. A., "Self-report Measures of Adult Romantic Attachment. in: Attachment Theory and Close Relationships" (1998), Guilford
  25. Brisch, Karl H., "애착장애의 치료" (2003), 시그마프레스
  26. Bulkley, Ed., "왜 크리스천은 심리학을 신뢰할 수 없는가" (2006), 미션월드
  27. Clinebell, Howard, "Basic Types of Pastoral Care and Counseling" (1984), Abingdon
  28. Collins, Gary R., "Helping People Grow:Practical Approaches to Christian Counseling" (1982), Vision House
  29. Collins, Nancy L., "Adult Attachment, Working Models and Relationship Quality in Dating couples", Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 58, pp.644~663 (1990)
  30. Collins, Nancy L., "Cognitive Representations of Attachment:The Structure and Function of Working Models. in: Advances in Personal Relationships:Vol. 5. Attachment Processes in Adulthood" (1994), Kingsley
  31. Crabb, Lawrence J., "Effective Biblical Counseling" (1977), Zondervan
  32. Crabb, Lawrence J., "상담과 치유공동체" (1999), 요단
  33. Fonagy, P. Steele, "Maternal Representations of Attachment During Pregnancy Predict Infant-Mother Attachment Patterns at One Year", Child Development, 62, pp.891~905 (1991)
  34. Granqvist, Pehr, "Religiousness and Perceived Childhood Attachment:On the Question of Compensation or Correspondence", Journal for Scientific Study of Religion, 37, pp.350~367 (1998)
  35. Granqvist, Pehr, "Attachment and Religiosity in Adolescence:Crossectional and Longitudinal Evaluations", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, pp.260~270 (2002)
  36. Granqvist, Pehr, "Religiousness and Perceived Childhood Attachment:Profiling Socialized Correspondence and Emotional Compensation", Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 38(2), pp.254~273 (1999)
  37. Granqvist, Pehr, "Longitudinal Predictions of Religious Change in Adolescence:Contributions from the Interaction of Attachment and Relationship Status", Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 20(6), pp.793~817 (2003)
  38. Hamilton, Claire E., "Continuity and Discontinuity of Attachment from Infancy through Adolescence", Child Development, 71(3), pp.690~694 (2000)
  39. Hazan, Cindy, "Romantic Love Conceptualized as an Attachment Process", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), pp.511~524 (1987)
  40. Holmes, Jeremy, "존 볼비와 애착이론" (2008), 학지사
  41. Kenny, Maureen E., "The extent and function of parental attachment among first- year college students", Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16(1), pp.17~29 (1987)
  42. Kirkpatrick, Lee A., "An Attachment-Theory Approach to the Psychology of Religion", The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 2(1), pp.3~28 (1992)
  43. Kirkpatrick, Lee A., "Longitudinal study of changes in religious belief and behavior as a function of individual differences in adult attachment style", Journal for the Scientific study of Religion, 36(2), pp.207~217 (1997)
  44. Kirkpatrick, Lee A., "God as a substitute attachment figure:A longitudinal study of adult attachment style and religious change in College student", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(9), pp.961~973 (1998)
  45. Kirkpatrick, Lee A., "An attachment-theoretical approach to romantic love and religious belief", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, pp.266~275 (1992)
  46. Kirkpatrick, Lee A., "Attachment Theory & Religion:Childhood Attachment, Religious Beliefs, and Conversion", Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 29, pp.315~334 (1990)
  47. Kirkpatrick, Lee A., "Attachment, Evolution, and the Psychology of Religion" (2005), Guilford
  48. Krause, Alison M., "Attachment in Adult Child-Older Parent Relationships:Research, Theory, and Practice", Journal of Counseling & Development, 75(2), pp.83~92 (1996)
  49. Kumari, Anupam, "Exploring Human Relationship with God as a Secure Base", Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 35, pp.119~124 (2009)
  50. George, Carol, "Attachment and Caregiving:The Caregiving Behavioral System. in: Handbook of Attachment:Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications" (1999), Guilford
  51. Disoriented Attachment Pattern. in: Affective Development in Infancy, "Discovery of a New, Insecure- Disorganized", pp.1986, Main, Mary
  52. Main, Mary, "Predicting Rejection of her Infant from Mother's Representation of her own Experiences:A Preliminary Report", International Journal of Child Abuse and Neglect, 8, pp.203~217 (1984)
  53. Interview-based Adult Attachment Classifications:Related to Infant-Mother and Infant-Father Attachment, "Main, Mary", University of California at Berkely, ~ (1994)
  54. Mallinckrodt, Brent, "Attachment Patterns in the Psychotherapy Relationship:Development of the Client Attachment to Therapist Scale", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(3), pp.307~317 (1995)
  55. Marrone, Mario, "애착이론과 심리치료" (2007), 시그마프레스
  56. McMinn, Mark R., "심리학, 신학, 영성이 하나된 기독교상담" (2001), 두란노
  57. McMinn, Mark R., "영혼돌봄의 상담학" (2006), 기독교문서선교회
  58. Miner, Maureen H., "Back to the Basics in Attachment to God:Revisiting Theory in Light of Theology", Journal of Psychology and Theology, 35, pp.112~122 (2007)
  59. Mcdonald, Angie, "Attachment to God:The Attachment to God Inventory Tests of Working Model Correspondence, and An Exploration of Faith Group Differences", Journal of Psychology and Theology, 32(2), pp.92~103 (2004)
  60. NICHD Early Child Care Research Network, "The Effects of Infant Child Care on Mother-Infant Attachment Security:Result of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care", Child Development, 68, pp.860~879 (1997)
  61. Reinert, Duane F., "Spirituality, Self-representations, and Attachment to Parents:A Longitudinal Study of Roman Catholic Seminarians", Counseling and Values, 49, pp.226~236 (2005)
  62. Roberts, Robert C., "Attachment:Bowlby & the Bible. in: On Being a Person:A Multiciscplinary Approach to Personality theories" (2002), Cascade
  63. Rowatt, Wade1 C., "Two Dimensions of Attachment to God and Their Relation to Affect, Religiosity, and Personality Constructs", Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41(4), pp.637~651 (2002)
  64. Sall, Millard, "성경과 심리학의 조화" (2000), 생명의 말씀사
  65. Slade, Arietta, "Attachment Theory and Research:Implications for the Theory and Practice of Individual Psychotherapy with Adults. in: Handbook of Attachment:Theory, Research, and Clinical Implications" (1999), Guilford
  66. Shorey, Har S., "The Role of Adult Attachment Style in Psychopathology and Psychotherapy Outcomes", Review of General Psychology, 10(1), pp.1~20 (2006)
  67. Simpson, Jeffry A., "Working Model of Attachment and Reactions to Different Forms of Caregiving from Romantic Partners", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9(3), pp.466~477 (2007)
  68. Steele, H., "Associations among Attachment Classifications of Mothers, Fathers, and Their Infants", Child Development, 67, pp.541~555 (1996)
  69. Tancredy, Carolin M., "The Nature of Adult Twin Relationships:An Attachment Theoretical Perspective", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(1), pp.78~93 (2006)
  70. TenElshof, Judith K., "The Role of Secure Attachment in Predicting Spiritual Maturity of Students at a Conservative Seminary", Journal of Psychology and Theology, 28, pp.99~108 (2000)
  71. van IJzendoorn, M. H., "Adult Attachment Representation, Parental Responsiveness, and Infant Attachment:A Meta-Analysis of the Predictive Validity of the Adult Attachment Interview", Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), pp.387~403 (1995)
  72. Zimbardo, Phlip G., "Psychology" (2003), Allyn and Bacon
  73. Waters, Everett, "Attachment Security in Infancy and Early Adulthood:A Twenty-year Longitudinal Study", Child Development, 71, pp.684~589 (2000)
  74. Weinfield, Nancy S., "Attachment from infancy to early adulthood in a high-risk sample:Continuity, discontinuity, and their correlates", Child Development, 71, pp.695~702 (2000)
  75. Wimberly, Edward P., "목회상담과 성경사용" (2005), 한국장로교 출판사

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (10건)