아버지의 양육 유형이 자녀의 정서적 발달 그리고 하나님 아버지 이미지 형성에 미치는 영향에 관한 통합적 고찰
A Holistic Study of the Father’s Involvement in Child Care and Development, and Spiritual Formation
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기존의 부모-자녀 애착 관계 이론은 임신, 출산, 수유 등과 같은 어머니-아기의 생물학적인 연계성을 근거로 어머니를 부모 대표 혹은 주 양육자로 규정하면서 어머니만이 자녀를 양육할 수 있는 적임자임을 입증하는 데 주력했다. 본 연구는 아버지-자녀의 애착 관계, 아버지의 스타일, 아버지의 자녀 양육 참여에 관해 성찰함으로 아버지는 어머니와 비슷하게 때로는 아버지만의 독특한 방식으로 자녀의 발달, 웰빙(well-being), 그리고 신앙 형성에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인임을 입증한다. 그러므로 이 연구의 목적은 자녀의 양육, 자녀의 성장, 그리고 자녀-부모와의 관계에서 어머니의 역할, 책임, 자질에 주목했던 시선을 아버지에게로 돌려 그동안 배제나 간과되었던 아버지의 역할과 역량을 확인하고 아버지가 자녀의 교육, 삶, 더 나아가 자녀의 신앙 형성과 성숙에 적극적으로 참여하고 개입하도록 격려하는 것이다. 개인적인 이유와 사회 문화적인 이유로 어머니만큼 자녀와 양적인 시간을 보낼 수는 없지만, 자녀와 관계를 형성하고 자녀의 교육과 삶에 개입하는 아버지만의 특별한 방식과 그것의 중요성이 먼저 다루어졌다. 다음으로, 여러 가지 아버지 유형이 소개되는데 그중에서 자녀의 발달, 행복한 삶, 그리고 신앙 형성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 이상적인 아버지 유형의 특징을 정리했다. 마지막으로, 아버지-자녀의 관계가 하나님 아버지-신자의 관계에 어떤 영향을 주는지 또 이런 은유 사용에서의 주의할 점은 무엇인지 성찰하고 이 연구가 주는 의미에 대해 논의했다.
Abstract
Mothers were defined typically as primary caregivers in existing theories on parent-child attachment. This is based on the biological connection between mothers and infants that formed through pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding, assuming that mothers are suited to nurturing and raising their babies. This study proves that when you move the focus from mother to father, fathers have a big influence on their child’s development, well-being, and spiritual formation. Thus, the purpose of this paper to encourage fathers to get involved their children’s parenting, life, and spiritual formation by accepting good relationship between fathers and children are closely related to children’s happiness, career, and faith. Accordingly, this study consisted of the following structure: First, this study dealt with the father effect; that is how the fathers have a big influence when they get involved in their children’s life and faith development. Secondly, different fathering styles were introduced and then discussed that followed the tips around the ideal father style. Thirdly, this study discussed how children’s relationships with their fathers affect their relationship with God as Father. That is that one should feel cared for when the term “father” is applied to God. This study was concluded to benefit the following: to teach church leaders the importance of education for fathers in areas of mission strategies, Christian education, and counseling; and to show that education is life itself rather than simply a transmission of knowledge and subject matter.
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