바르트의 신학방법론에 대한 비평적 고찰: 안셈 시프트(Anselmic Shift)를 중심으로
A Critical Understanding of Barth’s Theological Method
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칼 바르트(Karl Barth)는 근대 신학과 현대신학을 구분하는 매우 중요한 신학자이다. 몰트만(Jürgen Moltmann), 융엘(Eberhard Jüngel), 판넨베르크(Wolfhard Pannenberg) 같은 현대 신학자들조차 바르트로부터 큰 영향을 받았다. 그러므로 현대신학에서 바르트는 중요한 역할을 한다. 현대신학을 이해하기 위해서 바르트를 연구하는 것은 필수적이다. 그러나 그의 신학은 너무 넓어서이 논문에서 완전히 다룰 수 없다. 그래서 필자는 그의 신학 방법, 특별히안셈 시프트(Anselmic Shift)에 초점을 맞춘다. 칼 바르트의 안셈연구인 지성을 추구하는 신앙은 바르트 사상에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 그의 사상의 발전의 과정에서 이 책은 그에 특별한 의미를제공해 준다. 그러나 바르트의 신학 발전에 대한 이해하는 두 가지 관점이있다. 하나는 ‘변증법으로부터 유비’에로 바르트가 전환하였다는 것이고 다른 하나는 그러한 변화는 존재하지 않는다는 것이다. 가톨릭 신학자 폰 발타잘(Von Balthasar)은 바르트의 사상이 ‘변증법으로부터 유비에로’ 변화되었다고 지적한다. 그리고 바르트의 우파인 융엘은 폰 발타잘에 동의한다. 그러나 안셈 시프트에 반대하여, 젠슨(R. Jenson)은 바르트가 ‘변증법으로부터 유비에로’의 전환을 가지지 않는다고 확언한다. 부르스 맥코맥(Bruce McCormack)은 그의 책에서 폰 발타잘에 대한 그의 비평을 보여준다. 비록안셈 연구를 통해서 바르트가 사상에서 새로운 출발점에로 인도되었다는 사실이 바르트의 발전에 대한 문헌에서 일반적이지만 그러나 그것은 잘못되었다고 지적한다. 결론적으로 바르트의 사상에서 변증법에서 유비로의 전환은 존재하지 않는다. 바르트의 안셈 책에 대한 연구는 자연신학에 대한 그의 거부에 초점을맞춘다. 그러므로 그의 안셈 연구는 그의 사상에서 새로운 출발점에 대한 것이 아니고, 자연신학에 반대하는 유용한 도구에 대한 것이었다
Abstract
Karl Barth is a very important theologian who distinguishes between modern theology and contemporary theology. Even contemporary theologians such as Moltmann, Jüngel and Pannenberg were in the major influence of Karl Barth. Therefore, Barth takes an important place in contemporary theology. To understand contemporary theology it is essential to study Karl Barth. However, his theology is too wide to treat completely in this paper. So I will focus on the his theological Method,especially, on the Anselmic Shift. Karl Barth’s study of Anselm Fides Quaerens Intellectum takes a very important role in his Thought. In the process of the development of his thought, this book gives him very special meaning. However, there are two aspects to understand in Barth’s development of his own theology. One is that Barth shifted from ‘dialectics to Analogy’; the other is that there is no great revolution. A Catholic theologian, Von Balthasar points out that Barth’s thought was changed ‘from Dialectics to Analogy’. And Barth’s right side,Eberhard Jüngel agrees with Von Balthasar. By contrast to this view to an Anselmic shift, Jenson affirms that Barth has no such a shift “from dialectics to analogy.” Bruce McCormack presents his criticism on Von Balthasar in his book Karl Barth’s Critically realistic Dialectical theology: Its Genesis and development (1909-1936). McCormack argues that although it is a commonplace in the literature on Barth’s development that through his study of Anselm,Barth was led to a new starting point in thought, it is quite wrong. In conclusion, there has been no shift from ‘dialectics to analogy’. Barth’s study on the Anselm’s book focuses on his rejection of natural theology. Therefore his Anselm study is not about new starting point in his thought, but a useful tool against natural theology.
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