개신교 신학의 가톨릭적 수용 가능성: 칼 바르트와 한스 우르스 폰 발타살의 신학적 대화를 중심으로

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to see how Roman Catholic Theology can accept Protestant theology. For this aim, it investigates the theological dialogue between Karl Barth(1886-1968), a representative theologian of the reformed Church and Hans Urs von Balthasar(1905-1988), a famous theologian of the Roman Catholic Church. It focuses especially on how von Balthasar accepts Barth’s theology and integrates and develops it as his own Catholic theology in line with the paper’s main aim of finding a way to accommodate the theology of the Reformed Church from the view point of Roman Catholic theology. Methodologically, the main assignment is to see the theological influence of Barth on von Balthasar as manifest in the latter’s works, such as Karl Barth. Darstellung und Deutung seiner Theologie, and Theodramatik, etc. This study elucidates how von Balthasar is influenced by the ‘radical Christocentric’ of Barth and how he not only accepts Barth’s ‘analolgy of being(Analogia Entis)’ but also develops it as his own Catholic theology ‘analogy of being–faith–freedom(Analogia Entis–Fidei–Libertatis)’. Further, von Balthasar attempts to modify the metaphysical theology of Neoscholasticism of the Roman Catholic Church while considering faith as drama, and idea that comes from Barthian theology. In this, von Balthasar emphasizes the freedom of human being more than Barth in order strongly to emphasize the dramatical dimension of faith. For he understands salvific history as just like a wrestling match between God, who offers salvation, and a human being, who has freedom and is at the same time a sinner. Above all von Balthasar’s identity as a Roman catholic believer and theologian is widened and deepened by his theological dialogues with Barth. On this basis, he can make radical inquiries with regard to ecumenism. In the end, he gives firm and assurance and positive evaluation of the possibility that through the theology of Karl Barth the basic problems of the church schism can be resolved. In the theology of trinity, the theology of creation, christology and eschatology, which are the most important Christian theological issues and have first place in theological discussion, there are basically no differences between the theology of the Roman Catholic Church and Karl Barth. About the theology of sacraments, mariology and theory of the hierarchy of Roman Catholic Church, which take second place, there needs to be much dialogue; and there is long way to go. But according to von Balthasar, this second area is not as important as the first.