John Flavel(1627-1691)의 주요 작품 속에 나타난 ‘구원확신론’에 관한 고찰
A Study on Analyzing John Flavel(1627-1691)’s “Doctrine of Assurance” in His Major Works
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초록
이 논문은 청교도 후기에 목회자이자 신학자로서 활동하였던 존 플라벨의 설교집과 작품들을 분석하되, 특히 그의 “구원확신론”과 “성령의 사역”에 관련된 내용을 살피고 분석하는 작업을 시도하였다. 그는 당대 영국 스튜어트 왕조의 “대 핍박”(The Great Persecution)으로 인한 엄청난 고난의 역사 속에서 로마 가톨릭과 영국국교회의 예배 형태와 신학을 거부하고 개혁주의적 설교와 작품 출판에 집중하였다. 이러한 주제와 연관된 그의 작품은 3부로 구성된다. 그중, 초기 작품들은 “클라렌돈 법”(The Clarendon Code)을 통한 종교적 탄압을 강화하는 당국과 맞서서 가톨릭과 앵글리칸의 예배와 신학과 신앙을 거부하고, 개혁주의적 청교도 전통의 예배를 고수할 필요성과 당위성을 제시하였다. 또한, 그는 당시 율법폐기론자들과의 논쟁을 통해 그들의 ‘구원확신론’은 인간적인 논리에 불과하다는 점을 구체적으로 논증하였다. 그의 중기 작품들은 초기 작품들에 대한 논리적이고도 체계적인 신학적 논증을 다루고 있다. 그는 구속 언약과 은혜 언약을 중심으로 펼쳐진 ‘연합신학’을 구체적으로 다루면서, 은혜 언약의 실현으로서 그리스도가 담당하신 삼중직에 대한 성령의 직접적인 역동적 사역에 초점을 맞추었다. 즉, 선지자로서 그리스도가 선포한 말씀과 제사장으로 성취한 구원의 열매들과, 왕으로서 그의 백성들을 통치하시는 그리스도의 왕국이 성령을 통해 그의 백성들에게 적용되는 과정과, 이를 통한 신자의 구원적 확신의 열매를 맺어가는 과정을 상세하게 묘사하였다. 그의 후기 작품들은 당시 잉글랜드에 흥기하고 있던 로마 가톨릭주의로 인한 하나님의 준엄한 심판을 경고하고 있으며, 오직 청교도 신학과 신앙의 회복을 통해 잉글랜드가 하나님의 왕국으로 새롭게 거듭날 필요성과 그 대안을 구체적으로 제시하였다.
Abstract
This paper attempts to analyze the sermons and works of John Flavel, a pastor and theologian who was active during the late period of the Puritan movement. In particular, the paper focuses on Flavel’s views on the “Doctrine of Assurance” and “The work of the Holy Spirit.” Flavel lived during a time of intense persecution, known as “The Great Persecution,” under the Stuart dynasty in England. He refused to adhere to the worship and theology of the Roman Catholic and Church of England, instead focusing on preaching and publishing works that promoted the Reformed tradition. Flavel’s works on these themes are organized into three parts. In his early works, he emphasized the importance of upholding the Reformed Puritan tradition of worship, which rejected the worship and theology of the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches, despite the religious oppression enforced by the Clarendon Code. Additionally, Flavel engaged in a debate with Antinomians, refuting their “Doctrine of Assurance” as being based on human logic alone. Flavel’s mid-career works deal with a more systematic theological exposition of his earlier arguments. He specifically dealt with ‘the Federal Theology’ centered on the Covenant of Redemption and the Covenant of Grace, emphasizing the direct and dynamic work of the Holy Spirit in the realization of the Covenant of Grace through Christ’s threefold office as prophet, priest, and king. Flavel described in detail the process by which the Word proclaimed by Christ as a prophet, the fruits of salvation accomplished as a priest, and the rule over his people as a king, are applied to his people through the work of the Holy Spirit, resulting in the assurance of salvation. Flavel’s later works warned against the stern judgment of God that would be brought about by the Roman Catholic resurgence in England, and emphasized the need for the revival of the Puritan theology and faith as the only alternative for England to be renewed as God’s kingdom.
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