토마스 굿윈(Thomas Goodwin, 1600-1680)의 신앙과 확신의 상관성에 관한 고찰
A Study on the Correlation between Thomas Goodwin’s Saving Faith and Assurance
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구원적 신앙과 구원 확신에 관한 논의는 신학의 중심 주제중 하나이다. 특히 개혁주의 신학을 완성한 청교도들에게 이 주제는 매우 뜨거웠다. 토마스 굿윈은 당대 암울했던 시대상을 반영하여 성도들에게 진정한 신앙의 본질과 구원적 확신을 체계적으로 제시하였다. 굿윈은 구원적 신앙과 구원의 확신 을 구분하고, 신앙은 외부로부터 주어진 수동적 은혜이며 구원의 서정중 모든 은혜의 기초이자 뿌리라고 하였고, 구원적 확신은 구원적 신앙의 열매이자 결과물이라고 하였다. 그는 구원적 확신을 논증적 확신과 직관적 확신으로 구분하고, 전자는 실천적 삼단논법적 방식이며 후자는 신비적 삼단논법의 적용이라고 규정하고, 전자보다 후자가 우월하고 탁월한 구원의 확신을 경험하는 방식임을 논증하였다. 또 한 구원 확신의 증거로서는 그리스도의 피와 물 그리고 성령의 역동성을 들었는데, 피는 신자의 죄책을 제거하고, 물은 신자의 성화를 격려하며, 성령의 역 동성은 신자의 확신을 강화하고 유지케 한다고 주장하였다. 특히 굿윈은 구원 확신의 직접적인 증거로서 성령의 봉인을 강조하였으며, 봉인된 성도는 구원의 확신을 적극적으로 참여해야 할 과제가 부여되었다고 주장하였다.
Abstract
The discussion on the identity of saving faith and assurance of salvation has been a central theme in Reformed theology. Thomas Goodwin systematically presented the essence of true faith and assurance of faith to the saints, reflecting the somber realities of his contemporary era. Goodwin made a distinction between saving faith and the assurance of salvation. He asserted that faith is a passive grace given from outside and is the foundation and root of all grace in the ordo salutis. He also stated that the assurance of salvation is the fruit and outcome of saving faith. He differentiated assurance of salvation into discoursive assurance and intuitive assurance, describing the former as ‘syllogismus practicus’ and the latter as ‘syllogismus mysticus’. He argued that the latter, intuitive assurance, is superior and leads to a more excellent experience of the assurance of salvation. He presented the blood and water of Christ, as well as the dynamic power of the Holy Spirit, as evidence for the assurance of salvation. He argued that the blood of Christ removes the guilt of believers’ sins, the water encourages the sanctification of believers, and the dynamic power of the Holy Spirit strengthens and sustains the assurance of believers. In particular, Goodwin emphasized the sealing of the Holy Spirit as direct evidence of assurance of salvation, stating that sealed saints are given the task of actively participating in the assurance of salvation.
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