재학계약에 관한 연구
A study on the contract of attendance at school
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초록
근래의 학교붕괴 담론은 과도한 경쟁을 부추기는 입시제도나 사교육의 팽창, 교육에 대한 공적 투자의 부족에도 그 원인이 있지만, 근본적인 것은 학교의 비민주성에서 비롯된다. 즉, 학교에 대한 관료적 통제와 학교 운영에 대한 학부모의 참가 배제, 학생회자치권 등 기본권의 과도한 제한 등 비민주적 학교 현실과 관련이 있는 것이다. 학교의 책무성을 묻기 위해서는 위로부터의 감독과 통제 보다, 학생·학부모의 참가와 사법상 권리를 인정하고, 재학관계를 공법관계로 구성할 것이 아니라, 대등한 당사자 사이의 계약관계로 구성하여, 수요자인 학생·학부모가 직접 학교에 책임을 물을 수 있어야 한다. 또한 학교를 단지 국가 내지 학교법인의 시설물로 파악하는 대신, 학교의 사단성을 인정하여, 재학계약 당사자로서의 지위를 인정할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
In these days, 'school collapse' has become a phrase on everyone's lips. It goes without saying that under this phenomenon there are excessive competition for university entrance examination, expansion of private education, deficit of public fundings. But the crisis of public education is originated from the defect of school-system which couldn't claim school accountability. That is to say, the principal cause of crisis is non-democratic school governance. Excessive restriction of students' human basic rights, uniform educational curriculum, bureaucratic control on school management, exclusion of students, parents and teachers from school administration are related with this crisis. For school accountability, It need a guarantee of private obligatory rights, participation of students and parents, not supervision from the upper authorities. The rights on private law has a priority over centralized authoritarian rule. And for this, the school attendance relation should be constituted as a private contract relation among equal legal persons, not as public law relation. It need a system that students and parents can claim obligations of school directly. And at the same time, For the school accountability and educational autonomy, school has to be acknowledged as a corporate juridical person, and recognized as a concerned party on the contract of attendance at school. School could not be an educational facilities or an establishment because of personal character of educational relation. On the premise that education is a private business, the system of education law should be reconstituted for self-determination about education, the guarantee of students' learning right and other human basic rights, nation's obligation on a fully equipment of educational condition. In this context, students and parents have the private right to claim obligation of education practice from school as a corporate juridical person, and have the public right to claim obligation of educational environment equipment from government.