大學設立 關聯法制의 現況 및 課題
Requirements for the License of Establishing Universities and Colleges
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우리나라 대학설립제도는 건국초기부터 매우 높은 기준을 요구하였는데, 그 이유는 건국초기의 고등교육의 졸속 팽창을 경계한 때문인 것으로 풀이된다. 그러나 이러한 엄격한 기준은 사실상 준수되기 어려웠기 때문에 실질적으로는 선 설립 후 보완의 방식이었다. 그러다가 1990년대 중반부터 대학의 질적 서비스 개선을 위한 요구가 비등하면서 특히 소규모 특성화 대학의 설립을 권장하는 방향으로 설립법제가 바뀌게 되었다(대학설립준칙주의). 대학설립준칙주의는 또 다른 부작용을 초래하였다. 종전에는 어느 정도 엄격한 기준을 통해서 대학설립이 이루어졌으나, 원래 소규모특성화 대학의 설립을 위한 기준이었던 준칙주의 기준들이 모든 대학, 특히 대규모 대학이나 굳이 특성화대학이라고 하기 어려운 대학들의 설립에도 적용되다보니 대학의 난립이 우려되는 상황이 초래되었으며 따라서 그 기준을 재검토할 필요를 제기하게 되었다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to determine the limitations of requirements for the license of establishing and managing universities and colleges. The specific research questions of this paper are: 1. How the requirements of the license of establishing and managing universities and colleges have changed during 40 years from year 1955? 2. What are major problems of the current requirements of the license of establishing universities and colleges? 3. What are the major implications for the legal policy directions related with the establishing and managing universities and colleges? Current requirements for university license were enacted in 1996 in "the Regulation on the Establishing and Management of University"(Decree of Minister of Department of Education). The regulation was based on 'the easing principle' of establishing and managing university and college, that has been called 'the Standing Rule Doctrine for the Establishing University and College'(準則主義). The easing principle of establishing and managing of university and college is generated because the small size and specific program providing university and college. And they should provided the various programs in responding to students need and social trends. Internationalization, Information society trends, and other modern social trends have urged higher educational institutes providing more various programs for the students. The easing principle of establishing and managing university and college was the responding to those trends. But these days the requirements of license of establishing and managing universities and colleges have been criticized because it brought about poor quality higher educational institutes. Futhermore the numbers of prospect students have decreased during last years, many universities and colleges could not secure new students. Enrollment ratio of regional institutes has seriously decreased. The current requirements should be applied only to small and specific educational program running university and college. If then the higher educational institutes will develop responding to the students' need. The requirements should permit the small and specific educational program running university and college the complete right of decision of selection of students.