구매자-공급자간의 사회적 자본이 공급사슬의 교환 프로세스와 성과에 미치는 영향: 한국의 사회적 경제조직을 중심으로
The Effect of Social Capital in Buyer-Supplier Relationships on the Supply Chain Exchange Process and Performance
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본 연구는 공급사슬의 구매자-공급자 관계의 사회적 산물인 사회적 자본이 이들 간에 일어나는 교환 프로세스에 미치는 영향과, 이러한 프로세스가 성과에 미치는 영향을 검토하는 것을 주 목적으로 하고 있다. 특히 사회적 자본은 사회적 경제조직에서는 더 중요한 의미를 갖기 때문에, 이러한 관계가 한국의 사회적 경제조직 내에서 어떻게 실현되고 있는지를 실증하고자 하였다. 구체적인 연구 문제는 첫째, 사회적 자본이 공급사슬의 교환 프로세스의 동력으로 작용하는지를 확인하는 것이며, 둘째, 공급사슬의 교환 프로세스의 구성요소가 공급사슬성과에 주는 영향을 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 이론적 고찰을 바탕으로 사회적 자본의 세 가지 차원(인지자본, 관계자본, 구조자본)과 공급사슬 교환 프로세스의 두 가지 차원(자원교환, 관계교환), 그리고 공급사슬성과 간의 관계를 나타내는 PLS 구조방정식모형을 수립하고, 100개의 한국의 사회적경제조직의 구매담당자를 대상으로 한 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 연구모형을 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 인지적 자본과 구조적 자본은 두 가지 교환 프로세스를 촉진한다는 연구가설을 지지하였다. 반면 관계적 자본은 관계교환을 촉진하지만 자원교환과는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 관계교환은 공급사슬성과에 유의미한 영향을 미치지만, 자원교환의 영향에 대해서는 입증하지 못하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 공급사슬 내 사회적 자본과 교환 프로세스가 공급사슬 성과에 영향을 미치는 과정에 대한 이해를 넓히는 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제공하고, 사회적자본이 보다 중요한 역할을 차지하는 사회적 경제조직들을 대상으로 이들 간의 관계를 실증했다는 의의를 지닌다.
Abstract
Recently, studies on effective supply chain management are finding methods to bring innovation to the supply chain from social capital, which enables the optimal positioning of resources through exchanges and allocations. Despite the attention, the factors which are actually being exchanged, how they are exchanged within buyer-supplier relationships, and how social capital contributes to the exchange is not well understood. Therefore, this study develops a model linking the social capital formed within a buyer-supplier relationship to the supply chain performance, its interactions, and the exchange process of the supply chain. Firstly, this study evaluates how social capital of BSRs in its cognitive, relational, and structural form contributes to the exchange process of the supply chain. Secondly, this study tests how the exchange processes, both relational exchange and resource exchange, contribute to supply chain performance. Further, we applied PLS-SEM methods on the data provided by a survey of 100 social enterprise purchasing managers in Korea. The results show that cognitive and structural capital contributes to both exchange processes of the supply chain. However, relational capital only affects relational exchange. Also, relational exchange contributes to supply chain performance where resource exchange does not. This study extends the supply chain management and inter-organizational social capital literature and suggests important implications for both research and practice.
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