츠빙글리의 개혁신학: “참 종교와 거짓 종교에 대한 주해”를 중심으로

Abstract

Huldrych Zwingli was the Reformer of Zürich, Switzerland. Along with Luther, Zwingli belonged to the first generation of Reformation. But he deployed a little different theology from Luther's. This theology of Zwingli was succeeded and developed by Calvin and other Reformed theologians. Zwingli's theology shaped Reformed theology today in many areas. However, though there are much introduced about Calvin, there are little known about Zwingli nowadays. Zwingli is the first Reformed theologian. The term of the founder may not be adequate. Many theologians including Calvin joined in the stream of Reformed theology which Zwingli began. They together made up of Reformed theology. This essay deals with Zwingli's Reformed theology focusing on his main work "Commentary on True and False Religion." First of all, Zwingli emphasized the word of God. The crucial point to divide the true religion from the false religion is the word of God. It is characteristic of true religion to prefer to the word of God rather than the word of man. Of course it is not only the characteristic of Reformed Theology but also one of the common features of protestant Reformation. The distinct character of Zwingli as a Reformed theologian is evident in the second point of Zwingli's emphasis on the sovereignty of God. In his earlier phase of Reformer Zwingli acknowledged the providence of God through his contamination of pest empirically. In the later time of his life, though he did not deploy full-scale predestination theory like Calvin, Zwingli developed and divine providence and proposed divine predestination. The debate on the Lord's Supper between Zwingli and Luther is the greatest conflict among the Reformers. As Berkhof mentioned, Zwingli's view on the Eucharist is not fixed but is getting changed and developed. It is true that there was a vague form of Calvin's spiritual presence in Zwingli's thought. Concerning the relation between government and church, Zwingli kept his distance from the Anabaptist who approached it in the separatist point of view. Even though he gave priority to pastors rather than secular officials, Zwingli recognized church ministers and government officials as two instruments of God. Calvin of Geneva overcame Zwingli's limit that entrusted church discipleship to government. Calvin contended for the independent discipleship of church. Zwingli's concern not only on individual but also community became a characteristic of later Reformed theology.