기술 특성과 기술혁신 성과의 관계: 환경격변성의 조절효과
The Relationship between Technological Characteristics and Technology Innovation Performance: Moderating Role of Environmental Turbulence
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초록
기술은 그 개념 상 추상성이 높고 가시성이 낮아 그 특성을 논하기 어렵다. 그렇기 때문에 대부분의 선행 연구들은 기술보다는 제품 수준에서 논의하는 경향이 크며, 기술을 연구 주제로 삼더라도 제품 기술에 관한 논의가 대부분이다. 본 연구는 이런 한계점을 극복하는 시초를 제공하기 위해 기술 자체를 연구 대상으로 삼고, 추상성이 강한 기술을 측정할 수 있도록 기술의 특성을 개념화 하는데 초점을 맞추고 있다. 본 연구는 모듈성 개념과 응용성 개념을 이용하여 추상성이 강한 기술의 특성을 측정 가능한 개념으로 변수화 하고, 이들이 환경 격변적 상황에서 기술혁신 성과 향상에 미치는 영향력을 측정하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 따라서 기술 특성을 기술 유연성 개념 하 ‘기술 모듈성’ 개념과, ‘기술 응용성’ 개념으로 구분하고, 이 변수들과 기술혁신 성과 간 관계를 설정하였으며, 이들 관계를 중심으로 환경 격변성 변수의 조절효과 모형을 설정하였다. 그리고 실증 분석 방법을 적용하기 위해 국내 소재 제조 산업에 속한 기업을 대상으로 114개의 설문 조사 자료를 수집해 통계분석 하였다. 분석 결과 모듈성 또는 응용성이 강한 기술은 기술혁신 성과에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 조절변수를 투입한 결과, 기술의 모듈성은 환경 격변성이 낮은 경우 기술혁신 성과에 더욱 강한 긍정의 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 기술 응용성의 경우, 환경 격변성이 높을수록 응용성이 높은 기술이 기술혁신 성과에 더욱 강한 긍정의 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과의 학문적 시사점은 개념화 및 측정이 어려운 기술의 특성을 기술 유연성의 개념에 기반 하여 측정 가능하도록 변수화 하려는 시도에 있다. 실무적 시사점은 기업이 보유한 기술이 모듈성 및 응용성에 관련된 특성이 존재하는지를 파악할 수 있다면 향후 기술 연구개발 방향성 설정에 관한 전략적 의사결정 시 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to parameterize the characteristics of technology using the concepts of modularity and applicability. This study divides technological characteristics into those relating to “technological modularity”and “technological applicability,” under the concept of “technology flexibility”. Further, it establishes the relationship between these variables and technology innovation performance. Based on these relations, a moderating effects regression model using the environmental turbulence variable is set up. The empirical analysis is based on data collected through questionnaires from 114 domestic companies in various manufacturing industries. We found that the technology with high modularity or applicability has a positive effect on the technological innovation performance. Further, technological modularity has a stronger positive effect on the technological innovation performancein the case of low environmental turbulence, whereas a technology with high applicability has a more positive effect on innovation performance when environmental turbulence is high. The academic implication of this study is to offer a way to parameterize the technological characteristicswhich are difficult to conceptualize and measure based on the concept of technology flexibility. The study has practical implications for firms whose technology can be identified as having characteristics related to modularity and applicability; it can help such firms to make strategic decisions about the future direction of technology R&D.
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