이황의 리발설과 기대승의 리동설ㆍ리도설

Abstract

The li-transported theory(理動說) and the li-revealed theory(理 到說) have been regarded as characters of Li Hwang(李滉)’s philosophy. This thesis is a counterargument on the misunderstanding. Li Hwang believed that there is the so-called four-clues in the realm of emotions. On the contrary Gi Daeseung(奇大升) insisted that the four-clues was not any emotion but the nature ridden on the material. If the nature is always revealed into seven-emotions, then what should it be called the li(理) ridden on the seven-emotions? That is four-clues, he said. According to the viewpoint, he suggested that a pair of proposition established by Li Hwang, ‘理發而氣隨之’ and ‘氣發而理乘之’ should be modified to ‘理動而氣俱’ and ‘氣感而理乘’. ‘理動’ is a contraction of ‘理動而氣俱’, just as ‘理發’ is a contraction of ‘理發而氣隨之’; ‘理動而氣俱’ means that li can’t move itself, that is to say li is always transported from the nature into the emotion by qi(氣), just as the cargo is transported by the vehicle. Gi Daeseung, who regarded the four-clues as the nature ridden on the material, believed whether an emotion is proper or not is already determined only by purity or impurity of material composed of qi. According to the viewpoint, he interpreted ‘物理之 極處’ of ‘物理之極處無不到’ as the subject. [The phrase is the Zhu xi(朱熹)’s comments on ‘物格’ in The Great Learning.] In the Joseon Period, the li-revealed theory so called is the term which points this analytic way; and the meaning is that as the mind is pure so is li to reveal on the mind, like that as the lake is clear so is moonlight to float by itself. Li Yi(李珥) and Song Siyeol(宋時烈) interpreted the phrase to the meaning that li reach to the peak, their interpretation is practically the same with like the way of Gi Daeseung. On the other hand, to regard the four-clues to be in the realm of emotions means that the four-clues is issued regardless the proportion of purity, and the most important thing in his philosophy is cultivating the four-clues. According to the viewpoint, Li Hwang interpreted the phrase to the meaning that a man can reach to the pick at first. In later life, Li Hwang reinterpreted the phrase to the meaning that li can be revealed by itself in proportion to the depth of researching, but there is no change of thought in it. The li-issued theory of Li Hwang is the theory to regard four clues as emotions, the li-transported theory and the li-revealed theory of Gi Daeseung is the theory to regard four clues as the nature in the material. Theory of Gi Daeseung is an antipode to the theory of Li Hwang.