임진왜란시 청주성 및 금산성 전투의 군사사학적(軍事史學的) 고찰

Abstract

This study aims at examining Cheongju Fortress and Geumsan Fortress battle during the Imjin War in terms of the ‘military historic’ perspective. It is on the battle by Jo Heon and voluntary civilian troops who fought against the Japanese Army at Cheongju Fortress and Geumsan Fortress in order to learn the military historic perspective of those battles and its lesions. While majority official troops ran away from the Japanese Army or were very passive in the battle to save life, the voluntary civilian troops made every effort to defeat the Japanese Army under the supervision of Jo Heon even though they consisted of various social classes. As a result, the people relied more on the voluntary civilian troops than they did on the official troops which attracted many more civilian volunteers. It not only enabled Jo Heon’s troop to defeat the Japanese troops at Cheongju Fortress but also made all civilian troops died at Geumsan Fortress battle which has no comparable case in the world war history. The strategic and military historic meaning of Cheongju Fortress and Geumsan Fortress battles are significant. The details are as follows. ① The battle demonstrated the important role of the leader ② The importance of the secure of strategic point ③ Integrated battle between people, public and military ④ The secure of war time mobilization system and the significance of civil-military strategy were raised. On the other hand, the poor points from the point of military history, ① Lack of preparation for battle ② Lack of understanding the strategy ③ Disputes between official troop and voluntary civilian troop ④ Lack of arm system, strategy text and training ⑤ Lack of battle support and war time mobility system. Cheongju Fortress battle and Geumsan Fortress battle are triumphant battles in terms of strategy and military by Jo Heon and voluntary civilian troops. When these two battles are an investigation, Joseon was deeply inclined to toadyism to Ming to protect the country rather than to reinforce the self-defense. Today’s atmosphere in the Korean peninsula is not that different. The 4 major countries repeatedly attempt to cause territorial disputes and history distortion. Therefore, we have to make every effort to create a powerful military unit for victory by bearing the maxim “prepare a war if you want peace” in mind.