일본의 차세대 전투기 획득 및 개발과정을 통해 보는 미일동맹
US-Japan Defense Alliance in the Production of Next-generation Fighter-jets in Japan
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While a “new era,” “breaking new ground,” and “deepening” have characterized the US-Japan defense alliance since the return of the Abe Cabinet in 2012, this article begins from an empirical curiosity on the extent of ‘deepening’ in their relations. Building upon the rationale that the dynamics of cooperation in high-technology sector may serve as the “microcosm of US-Japan relations” – an empirical testbed for examining the changes and continuity in their relations – this article proposes a comparative analysis on Japan’s two fighter-jets production agreements with the US – the 1980s FS-X program for F-2/F-16 production and the recent F-35A Joint Strike Fighter. Juxtaposing the recent F-35 deal to the preceding FS-X program in the 1980s, what are the empirical realities of the changes in the US-Japan alliance relations? How does the F-35 deal differ from the preceding US-Japan fighter-jet program, FS-X(F-2/F-16)? Is a ‘new era’ of cooperation imminent in the fighter-jets sector? The main findings are that the trajectory in the levels of cooperation between the US and Japan in the fighter-jets venture adheres to the general trend towards a ‘new era’ of alliance deepening under the Abe Cabinet. The shared China threat and overall changes in the strategic environment have come to construct relatively more amicable setting for the US-Japan cooperation in the sector. At the same time, this article also finds that it is important to place such deepening in a continuum of US-Japan cooperation since the 1980s FS-X program, rather than an abrupt transformation during the Abe Cabinet. Indeed, the gradual accumulation and institutionalization of dialogues and cooperation have been critical, reinforcing as complementary push for Japan’s alliance-premised fighter-jets acquisition during the Abe Cabinet. Lastly, the article takes note of the US’s continued restrictions in transferring the state-of-the-art-technologies as well as the Japan’s continued kokusanka drive and variety of preferences at home, which would work to limit the full-fledged emergence of US-Japan Inc. despite progress in the US-Japan cooperation in the fighter-jets venture.
Abstract
While a “new era,” “breaking new ground,” and “deepening” have characterized the US-Japan defense alliance since the return of the Abe Cabinet in 2012, this article begins from an empirical curiosity on the extent of ‘deepening’ in their relations. Building upon the rationale that the dynamics of cooperation in high-technology sector may serve as the “microcosm of US-Japan relations” – an empirical testbed for examining the changes and continuity in their relations – this article proposes a comparative analysis on Japan’s two fighter-jets production agreements with the US – the 1980s FS-X program for F-2/F-16 production and the recent F-35A Joint Strike Fighter. Juxtaposing the recent F-35 deal to the preceding FS-X program in the 1980s, what are the empirical realities of the changes in the US-Japan alliance relations? How does the F-35 deal differ from the preceding US-Japan fighter-jet program, FS-X(F-2/F-16)? Is a ‘new era’ of cooperation imminent in the fighter-jets sector? The main findings are that the trajectory in the levels of cooperation between the US and Japan in the fighter-jets venture adheres to the general trend towards a ‘new era’ of alliance deepening under the Abe Cabinet. The shared China threat and overall changes in the strategic environment have come to construct relatively more amicable setting for the US-Japan cooperation in the sector. At the same time, this article also finds that it is important to place such deepening in a continuum of US-Japan cooperation since the 1980s FS-X program, rather than an abrupt transformation during the Abe Cabinet. Indeed, the gradual accumulation and institutionalization of dialogues and cooperation have been critical, reinforcing as complementary push for Japan’s alliance-premised fighter-jets acquisition during the Abe Cabinet. Lastly, the article takes note of the US’s continued restrictions in transferring the state-of-the-art-technologies as well as the Japan’s continued kokusanka drive and variety of preferences at home, which would work to limit the full-fledged emergence of US-Japan Inc. despite progress in the US-Japan cooperation in the fighter-jets venture.
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