식민주의의 그림자들 - 새로운 세계사와 서구 포스트-식민박물관의 경우 -
The Shadows of Colonialism: New World History and Post-colonial Museums in the West
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오늘날 전 세계적으로 다양하게 존재하는 문화들 사이의 평등한 소통을 위한 전제 조건은 무엇인가? 이 질문의 해답을 찾는 일은 결코 쉽지가 않다. 그럼에도 불구하고 오늘날 여전히 문화들 사이의 소통을 가로막는 가장 높은 벽 가운데 하나가 식민주의의 유산이라는 데 많은 연구자들이 동의하고 있다. 이 논문은 최근 벌어지고 있는 문화 상호 간의 소통을 확대하려는 다양한 시도들 가운데 먼저‘새로운 세계사(new world history)’를 둘러싼 논쟁, 그 다음으로는 미국 워싱턴 DC의 ‘국립 아메리카 인디언 박물관’과 프랑스 파리에 건립된 두 박물관인 ‘케 브랑리 박물관’ 및 ‘국립 이주사 박물관’을 둘러싼 논쟁에 대한 분석을 통해 식민주의의 강고한 유산이 어떠한 방식으로 이러한 새로운 시도들을 가로막고 있는지를 드러내는 데 그 목적이 있다. 역사학, 인류학을 비롯한 서구적 근대 지식 체계들에 깊이 삼투된 식민주의적 인식론 자체에 대한 근본적인 성찰 없이는 다양한 문화들 사이의 평등한 소통은 불가능할 것이다.
Abstract
This essay examines the possibility of the mutual understanding and communication between histories and cultures in the post-colonial condition. After brief analysis of controversies over “New World History”and post-colonial museum projects in the West, especially the National Museum of the American Indian in Washington DC, USA and le Musée du Quai Branly, la Cité Nationale de l’Histoire de l’Immigration, both in Paris, France, I would like to argue that the shadows of colonialism still overspread the habitual perspectives in which other histories and cultures are regarded. The more necessary that mutual communication between histories and cultures has become, the more self-reflective the existing perspectives on them should be. I would suggest that the systems of modern knowledge have been based on a kind of colonial epistemology that appropriates other histories and cultures in the ways that it standardizes, classifies, and ranks them.
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