파리외방전교회의 『한불자전』(1880)과 《불한사전》(1869) 비교 연구 - 19세기 한국어 연구와 번역용례 말뭉치 구축을 위한 기반 -

Abstract

Stanislas Féron and Félix-Clair Ridel, two French missionaries who survived the Byeong-in Persecution (1866), wrote respectively the first Korean bilingual dictionary, Dictionnaire Français- Coréen (1868-1869? hereafter, DFC) and Dictionnaire Coréen-Français (1880, hereafter, DCF). Ridel’s DCF has been relatively well preserved in both its initial printed version (Yokohama, Levy) and the manuscripts; however, the original manuscript of Féron’s DFC was lost, and only four later manuscripts remain in France and Korea. These early bilingual dictionaries were written for the practical Korean-language education of missionaries who clandestinely pursued their religious expansion in Korea equipped with only Latin-Chinese reference works. The DCF became the lexicographical model for succeeding English-language bilingual dictionaries by J. S. Gale and H. G. Underwood, and has often been employed by linguists as the key 19th century Korean-language resource. In fact, its 27,000 entry words (a total comparable to those of modern Korean bilingual dictionaries) along with the Sino-Korean forms were collected as part of the Korean National Corpus under the 21st Century Sejong Project (1998-2007). Whereas the DCF has been considered an important historical language resource, the DFC was not even known to Korean linguists until the publication of its photographic edition based on the manuscript of Richard (1869) in 2004. The DFC, containing 10,328 French entry words and rich examples of French-Korean translation sentence pairs, should also be exploited as a historic corpus for 19th century Korean as well as an example dictionary of that century’s French-Korean translation. Both of these dictionaries are also key resources for determining how the early French missionaries learned the Korean language and what their primary resources were as they compiled their lexicons. However, besides the obvious superficial difference in their entry-word/definition directionalities, the DCF and DFC also differ significantly in their macro and micro structures. The DFC focuses on presenting Korean lexical forms, locutions, and examples along with their usages, while the DCF explains, in French, the usages and contexts of the Korean entry words. In this sense, the two dictionaries are complementary, and indeed, both are necessary to the study of the Korean language of the 19th century. Therefore, in this study we had two objectives: 1) to compare the macro and micro structures of DFC and DCF, based on the first versions of their metadata, and 2) to explore the possibility of constructing an intelligent and augmentable knowledge base of the history of the Korean language along with a parallel Korean/French translation corpus.