‘인공지능 및 자율성의 책임있는 군사적 활용에 관한 정치적 선언’에 대한 정책적 제언
Policy Recommendations for ‘Political Declaration on Responsible Military Use of Artificial Intelligence and Autonomy'
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인공지능과 자율 시스템의 군사적 활용은 이미 현대전의 중요한 수단으로 자리잡았다. 미래에는 인간을 대신하여 인공지능과 자율 시스템에 의한 전쟁 수행이 이루어질 것이다. 국방과학기술이 발전함에 따라 개발된 핵무기, 화학무기 등 새로운 무기체계는 기대하는 성능과 효과를 뛰어넘는 위력으로 막대한 민간인 피해 등 의도하지 않은 결과를 보여주었다. 이로 인해 인류는 국제적 규범 등을 통해 핵무기, 화학무기 등의 개발과 활용을 제한하고 있다. 인공지능과 자율 시스템은 핵무기, 화학무기를 넘어서는 부작용이 발생할 수 있다. ‘인공지능 및 자율성의 책임있는 군사적 활용에 관한 정치적 선언’은 인공지능의 군사적 활용에 주의를 기울여 민간인 희생 등 의도하지 않은 피해가 발생하는 것을 예방하기 위해 발표되었다. 그러나 인공지능과 자율 시스템의 개발 및 활용을 제한하는 것은 국방과학기술 수준이 낮은 국가가 미래전에 대비하는데 새로운 진입장벽이 될 수 있다. 따라서 정치적 선언에 대한 함의를 고찰하고 대응방향을 설정하여 추진함으로써 인공지능 및 자율 시스템의 군사적 활용에 대한 윤리적·법적 정당성을 확보하고 국방력 강화를 통한 자주국방을 달성해야 할 것이다.
Abstract
The military utilization of artificial intelligence and autonomous systems has already emerged as a significant aspect of contemporary warfare. In the future, war will be waged by artificial intelligence and autonomous systems on behalf of humans. As defense science and technology has advanced new weapon systems such as nuclear weapons and chemical weapons have been developed with power exceeding expected performance and effectiveness, resulting in unintended consequences such as massive civilian casualties. As a result, humanity is restricting the development and use of nuclear and chemical weapons through international norms. Artificial intelligence and autonomous systems can have side effects that go beyond nuclear and chemical weapons. The ‘Political Declaration on Responsible Military Use of Artificial Intelligence and Autonomy’ was issued to pay attention to the military use of artificial intelligence and prevent unintended damage, such as civilian casualties. However, limiting the development and use of artificial intelligence and autonomous systems can become a new entry barrier for countries with low levels of defense science and technology to prepare for future warfare. Therefore, by considering the implications of the political declaration and setting and promoting a response direction, it is necessary to secure ethical and legal legitimacy for the military use of artificial intelligence and autonomous systems and achieve independent national defense by strengthening national defense capabilities.
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