자율살상무기(LAWs)의 군사적 활용과 한계에 대한 연구: 자율화 수준과 윤리적·법적 수용성을 중심으로
A Study on the Military Applications and Limitations of Lethal Autonomous Weapons(LAWs): Focusing on and Levels of Autonomy and Ethical and Legal Acceptability
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초록
첨단 과학기술의 급격한 발전으로 자율무기체계(AWS)를 넘어 세계의 전장에 등장을 예고한 자율살상무기(LAWs)는 전투의 효율성을 높이고, 전사자 수를 줄이며, 전략적 우위를 확보하기 위해 군사적 활용이 예상되나, 윤리적ㆍ법적 수용성을 충족하고, AI 기술수준 발전에 따른 자율성이 높아져 LAWs의 완전성이 확보될 때까지는 사용에 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 LAWS의 군사적 활용을 종속변수로 LAWs의 윤리적ㆍ법적 문제, 자율화 수준을 독립변수로 연구를 수행하였으며, 윤리적ㆍ법적문제는 자율화 수준이 향상될수록 해소될 수 있다는 결과를 도출할 수 있었다. 따라서 향후 LAWs 개발의 핵심요소는 AI기술성숙도에 기반한 LAWs의 자율성 향상 방향으로 전개될 것임을 예상할 수 있다. LAWs의 군사적 활용에 대한 정책적 함의는 향후 LAWs가 대한민국의 미래 국가안보를 위한 효율적 대안이 될 수 있는바, 주요국의 개발동향에 발맞춰 LAWs에 의한 비대칭성이 발생하지 않도록 LAWs의 자율성 향상을 위한 노력과 LAWs의 군사적 활용을 위한 교리, 운용, 지속지원 방안 등의 연구가 필요하다는 것이다.
Abstract
With the rapid advancement of technologies, Lethal Autonomous Weapons (LAWs) are expected to appear on battlefields around the world. These weapons are anticipated to enhance combat efficiency, reduce casualties, and secure strategic advantages. However, until LAWs meet ethical and legal acceptability and achieve full autonomy corresponding to the advancement of AI technologies, their use will be limited. This study examines the military use of LAWs as the dependent variable, with ethical and legal issues, and the level of autonomy as independent variables. The results indicate that ethical and legal issues can be mitigated as the level of autonomy improves. Therefore, the future development of LAWs is expected to focus on enhancing autonomy based on AI technological maturity. The policy implications for the military use of LAWs suggest that LAWs could become an efficient alternative for future national security in South Korea. Efforts should be made to enhance the autonomy of LAWs and develop doctrines, operations, and support plans to ensure that no asymmetry arises from LAWs in line with the development trends of major countries.
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