650년대 전반기 투르크계 북방세력의 동향과 고구려 - 고구려 사절이 아프라시압 궁정벽화에 그려진 배경에 대한 검토

Abstract

Previous studies focused on the fact that the figures who are believed to be Koguryo envoys appear in the wall painting of Afrasiab Palace, and considered that the scene of the wall painting are portraying the actual fact that the envoys visited Samarkand (康國). However, this wall painting also depicts the envoys of the Tang Dynasty. Could it be possible that the envoys of the two countries in a hostile relationship faced each other in a third country? In this regard, it is necessary to recall the embarrassment and anger that were observed when Emperor Yang of Sui (隋煬帝) faced with the envoys of Koguryo in 607 at Yazhang (牙帳) of Qimin Khan (啟民可汗) of Eastern Turkic Khaganate (東突厥). The scene of the wall painting, in which the envoys of Koguryo and Tang are standing side by side in the courtyard of Samarkand, is hardly seen to be depicting the fact. The wall painting depicts Turkic people with the king in the center. This scene, as if they are watching the king’s administration of state affairs by his side, seems to be related to the fact that Samarkand was under the influence of Western Turkic Khaganate (西突厥). On the other hand, Tang’s envoys are in the line waiting for their turn to offer presents. The depiction of the wall painting shows that the Tang did not have a huge influence over Samarkand. In this regard, it is presumed that the geographical perspective and the world view of Samarkand which placed the figure of Koguryo at the corner of the wall painting did not originate from Tang. The Kul Tigin inscription shows a perspective that Koguryo is a country at the eastern end. Therefore, the geographical perspective and the world view of the wall painting may have originated from Western Turkic Khaganate. Furthermore, the image of wearing a Jou-gwan (鳥羽 冠, feathered hat) and a sword was also derived from other origins than Tang. While, the figures are politely gathering their hands together in the images from the Zhongyuan (中原, the Central Plain), those images of the wall painting are depicted as warriors with swords at their side. The exchange between Koguryo and Turk took place in various ways for a long time. Furthermore, Turkic people were mobilized in the Koguryo’s front by Sui or Tang. The image of Koguryo which they had from the exchange was beyond the geographical perspective of the eastern end and a country of the sunrise. Considering that Western Turkic Khaganate or Samarkand felt the power of Tang extending to Central Asia, would not they consider Koguryo’s power as a remarkable force? It is then considered that such an impressive presence, as well as powerful Tang’s envoy, was enough to make the reign of King Barfuman more glorious. This is the historical significance of the Koguryo envoys in the wall painting of Afrasiab Palace.