19세기 말~20세기 초 서구 학자들의 중국 고고 조사와 그 영향

Abstract

Since the end of the 19th century, Western scholars entered China, and investigated sites and collected artifacts. Most of them did not major in archaeology, and some of them were religious people. In the early 1920s, starting from the excavation of ShaGuoTun, Yangshao, Gan -Qing area of J. G. Andersson, advanced and scientific excavation and recording methods were introduced, and Chinese scholars and assistants began to appear in the excavation site. Since then, the scientific archaeology research group centred on LiJi and students who studied abroad became the mainstream of Chinese archaeology, however, there were also Andersson’s excavation and Anderson’s colleagues or assistants inside. In addition, drawing method of artifacts and typological analysis after excavation were also established by him. Besides Andersson, Licent and Chardin also opened the prelude to Chinese Paleolithic archaeology. The core theme of Chinese archaeology during this period was the exploration of the origin of Chinese culture. Andersson presented the YangShao Culture characterized by the painted pottery, and insisted the painted pottery originated from the West. This soon led to the theory of western origin of the early Chinese civilization, and the Chinese archaeology community accepted this theory as it was. With the establishment of LongShan Culture concept in the 1930s, the dual confrontation theory that the YangShao Culture and Longshan Culture coexisted in west and east China was raised, however, Andersson’s theory was not completely denied.