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시진핑 시기 중국의 부패 통제 메커니즘 : 공산당 권력 강화와 의법치국(依法治國) 사이의 딜레로

China's Corruption Control Mechanism under Xi jinping's regime: Dilemma between strengthening of the Communist Party and Rule by Law

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

2012년 11월 18차 당대회에서 총서기로 선출된 시진핑은 ‘늙은 호랑이와 파리는 함께 잡아야 한다(老虎, 蒼蠅一起打)’며 하위 간부뿐 아니라 전·현직 최고위층 관료를 대상으로 강력한 반부패 운동을 전개하고 있다. 실제, 이전 지도부가 대중 지지를 위해 상징적으로 반부패 운동을 전개한 적은 있지만, 이처럼 전·현직 최고위급 관료의 광범위한 조사와 처벌은 꺼려왔다. 그렇다면 시진핑 지도부는 출범 초기 최고위 정치엘리트를 연달아 처벌함으로써 당내 반발과 지도력이 약화될 수 있으며, 나아가 공산당 내구성 위협으로 이어질 수 있음에도, 어떤 동인(動人)으로 이들의 처벌을 강행할 수 있었을까? 또 시진핑은 막강한 대항력을 갖춘 이들을 어떤 전략을 이용해 처벌할 수 있었을까? 이 연구는 상기 문제의식을 기반으로 중국 부패 통제 메커니즘의 전개 과정과 한계를 분석하고, 시진핑 시기 중국의 반부패 전략과 그 동인을 면밀히 규명했다.

Abstract

The elected general secretary at the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in November, 2012 Xi Jinping has launched powerful anti-corruption campaign, under the slogan “It’s necessary to knock down an old tiger and fly together(老虎, 蒼蠅一起打), which refers to both top-level officials and lower-level executives respectively, that specifically targets the current, former highly-ranked officials including the lower level executives. Although a previous attempt of anti-corruption campaign merely a symbolic, political act to garner wide public support was implemented, the responsible individuals had reluctantly performed far reaching investigation and superficial punishment of the current, former top-ranked officials. What might be a key impetus that has enabled Xi Jinping’s leadership to severely punish the problematic officials who scarcely bear the burden of responsibilities that may weaken leadership quality within the communist party? Furthermore, could the possible negative response pose any threats to the Communist party’s durability? Lastly, which strategy has permitted Xi Jinping to publicly punish those oppositions who are equipped with enormous political influence? Stemming from the critical approach mentioned above, this study has analyzed how the corruption control mechanism in China has developed and thoroughly investigate the anti-corruption strategy and its impetus during the era of Xi Jinping.

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