사이버안보 위협, 대응 전략 그리고 한국적 함의
Cybersecurity Threats, Counter Strategies and South Korea’s Cyber Strategy
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초록
사이버 공간은 안보 위협 측면에서 확장성과 복잡성이 크게 강화된 특징을 보여준다. 이에 따라 사이버안보의 위협이 전략적 목적에 따라 전통적인 방식과 다르게 제기되고 있다. 사이버전, 사이버 강압전략, 사이버 첩보활동, 공급망선도전략은 대표적인 유형이고, 이에 대한 대응 전략으로 적극적 방어전략, 사이버 강압대응전략, 사이버 방첩전략, 공급망안보전략이강구되고 있다. 사이버전이나 사이버 첩보활동은 오랫동안 사이버안보 위협으로 강조되었고, 강압전략이나 공급망선도는 국제안보질서에 주요 위협방식으로 최근 대두되고 있다. 이런 상황에서 한국 정부는 금년 초에 ‘국가사이버안보전략’을 발표했다. 이 전략에서 사이버안보 위협에 대한 대응 기조는 종합적이고 포괄적인 내용을 담고 있지만 억제와 예방전략을 채택하고 있다. 하지만 억제전략의 효과는 공개 천명만으로는 기대하기 어렵고, 그에 따른 구체적인 실행 의지와 역량이 필요하고 구체적인 실행의 경험도담보되어야 한다. 국제사회와 우방국의 협조와 지원 없이는 매우 제한적인효과만을 기대할 수 있다. 즉, 국가사이버안보전략의 발표는 국내 정책과제도로 뒷받침되어야 하고, 대외적으로는 실질적인 대응 여건이 갖추어져야 한다.
Abstract
Cyberspace has been facilitating the expansiveness and complexity of national security. Under such a condition, cybersecurity threats which differ from traditional ones can be made diversely for its strategic purposes such as Cyber warfare, cyber coercion, cyber espionage, and supply network dominance. The counter strategies to prevail over malicious cyber operations are developed and applied with active cyber defense, counter cyber coercion, cyber counterintelligence, and supply network security strategies, respectively. Early this year, South Korea revealed the National Strategy for Cybersecurity that is based on deterrence and prevention. But this strategy can be expected to achieve its aims only by domestically introducing the policies and laws that cope with cyber attacks and maintain government performance, and internationally demonstrating its capabilities and willingness to do with allies and partners.
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