사이버 테러리즘에 대한 억지력 모색
In Search of Deterrence Strategy against Cyber Terrorism to Strengthen the National Security
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최근에 많은 연구자들은 새로운 사이버 위협들로부터 억지 전략을 강구하고 있다. 우리나라와 동맹관계를 유지하고 있거나 지리적 접근성을 보이는 국가들이 사이버 테러리즘을 바라보는 시각은 과거와 같이 테러집단에 의한 테러리즘 발생 가능성과 주도권을 사전에 인정하고, 이에 대응하기 위한 방안으로 예비⋅음모 처벌 논의, 범죄 발생 전(前) 증거수집과 관련된 쟁점사항들을 논의하는 것에 그치는 것이 아니라 사이버 공간에서 공격원을 특정하여 보복이나 처벌을 위한 억지 메커니즘(처벌적 억지력) 을 모색하고 있다. 우리나라도 사이버 테러리즘에 대한 수동적인 대응방법에서 벗어나 국제 정세를 고려한 적극적 억제 전략을 모색해야 한다. 사이버 테러리즘에 대응하기 위한 적극적인 접근방법에는 크게 두 가지로 구분될 수 있다. 하나는 상대의 이익을 부인하는 거부적 억지이고, 다른 하나는 상대에게 비용을 부과하는 처벌적 억지이다. 따라서 우리는 사이버 테러리즘을 대응함에 있어 소극적 태도에서 벗어나 현실적으로나 시기적으로 적절하고 효과적인 정책을 마련해야 한다.
Abstract
Recently, a growing number of researchers have expanded the discussion of deterrence strategy to address a host of new cyber threats. South Korea’s allies and neighboring countries have begun to address terrorism beyond its conventional approach to cyber defense, from reactive to proactive, which may include international deterrence. South Korea should join this trend from passive to active approach to cyber terrorism, such as deterrence by denial and deterrence by punishment. Deterrence by denial is a strategy in which an adversary is physically prevented from acquiring a threatening technology, while deterrence by punishment is a strategy of last resort. Since it appears that deterrence by denial was not possible or has failed, the South Korean government should go beyond its passive attitude and develop timely and appropriate policies.
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