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The Processes of Japan’s North Korean Identity Construction: Discourse Analysis of Military Threats and Human Rights

김미영
국가안보전략연구원 (Institute for National Security Strategy)|2008.12|국가안보와 전략 (National Security and Strategy)|제8권 제4호|pp. 137-189|DOI 10.23111/nsas.2008.8.4.005

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인권일본북한North KoreaJapanhuman rights위협인식abductionthreat perception정체성의 정치identity politics납치
주제분류정치외교학

초록

본 논문은 군사안보, 인간안보의 관점에서 북한위협의 사회적 담론을 분석한다. 평화헌법 체제하의 일본은 미-일 동맹에도 불구하고 북한의 위험성을 강조해왔다. 북한의 핵무장화는 자민당 내 강경매파의 입지를 강화 시켰고 그들은 이러한 위협을 북한 뿐만 아니라 조총련을 대표로 하는 일본 내 친북단체들에 대해서도 제재를 가하는 일련의 입법으로 효과적으로 연계시켜왔다. 북한의 위협을 국제사회와 동북아시아의 안보위협으로 설정 하려는 일본정부의 시도는 자신의 전략적 이익의 확보를 위한‘공동의 적’ 만들기로 이해된다. 북한 위협의 잠재적 피해자라는 일본의 정체성 구축은 일본인 납치사건과 관련된 인간안보 담론에서도 잘 나타난다. 북한의 불법 행위를 일본의 주권과 일본인의 주권침해로 규정한 반면 보편적 인권을 주창 하는 이론적 수사학과는 달리 현실적인 정책에서는 자국민 중심의 인권의 특수성을 노정시키고 있다. 미군정 하에서 보완된 일본헌법은 미국의 기본권 원리를 채택하고 있으나 2002년이 되어서야 비로소 국내인권법이 통과되었다. 또한 국제난민의 수용도 오직 상징적 차원에 머무르고 있다. 그리고 2006년에는 2004는 미국의 북한인권법의 전례를 따라 일본인 납치문제를 골자로 하는 북한인권법을 통과시키게 된다. 이렇게 보편적 인권을 주창 하는 일본정부의 입장은 실제정책에서 특수한 형태를 보인다. 본 논문은 여러 가지 경험적 증거의 분석을 통하여 북한을 군사-인간안보의 위협으로 설정하는 일본의 북한 정체성 담론을 비판한다.

Abstract

This paper analyzes the social construction of North Korean threats from military and human security perspectives. Japan under the Peace Constitution has been accentuating its vulnerability towards the North Korea military posture despite the U.S.-Japan security alliance. Pyongyang’s nuclearization has strengthened the hawks’position within the Liberal Democratic Party which has been effectively linking the threat perception to a series of legislations to sanction not only the Pyongyang regime, but also the pro- North ethnic Korean organizations in Japan. Tokyo’s framing of North Korean threat as a collective security concern for the international community is an attempt to make a common enemy out the socialist regime for its strategic advantage. Japan’s identity construction of North Korean threat is also well demonstrated in the human security discourse regarding the Japanese abduction. While framing Pyongyang’s illegal acts as the terrorist violations of human rights and Japanese sovereignty, Japan has mixed records of its own in protecting universal human rights. Even though the Japanese Constitution adopts the American “basic rights”principles, it was not until 2002 when the domestic human rights law was passed. Tokyo proceeded to enact the North Korean Human Rights Law in 2006 following the 2004 American example with the core clauses on the abduction issues. Japan’s advocacy of universal human rights is a contrast to its actual policy praxis. Tokyo admits only the token representatives of international refugees including North Korean escapees. This paper demystifies Japan’s identity construction of North Korea as the military and human security threats by examining the empirical evidence.

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