OECD 국가의 노인복지지출 결정요인 - 돌봄의 사회화 요구를 중심으로 -
Determinants of Long-Term Care Program Expenditure in OECD Countries
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본 연구는 돌봄의 사회화를 중심으로 OECD 국가의 장기요양 프로그램 지출의 결정요인을 분석한다. 특히 돌봄의 사회화가 노인돌봄 서비스의 공적지출에 미치는 영향에 초점을 둔다. 이를 위해 OECD 18개국의 2000년부터 2007년의 관련 자료를 바탕으로 데이터 셋(data set)을 구축하였으며 통합시계열 분석방법을 사용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 여성경제활동참여율과 고령화율, 여성노조권력이 노인돌봄 서비스의 공적지출에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 1인당 GDP 는 부(-)의 관계가 나타났으며, 복지국가 유형별로는 보수주의국가와 자유주의국가에서 부(-)의 관계가 나타나, 1인당 GDP가 높고, 보수주의나 자유주의국가일수록 노인돌봄서비스(long-term care)의 공적지출수준이 낮음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 비록 1인당 GDP나 복지국가의 유형에 따라 복지수준의 차이는 있지만, 돌봄에 대한 사회화의 증가가 OECD국가의 장기요양프로그램의 공적지출 증가에 긍정적인 영향을미친다는 주장에 대한 증거를 제공한다.
Abstract
This study analyzes the factors that influence welfare expenditure for longterm care programs in OECD countries, centering on “socialization of care.” In particular,the study focuses on the impact of socialization of care on public spending for the long-term care service for seniors. To this end, we established data set by compiling relevant data that include 18 OECD countries covering the period from 2000 to 2007. This data set was examined through pooled time series regression analysis. According to the findings of this research, the below three factors had a positive(+) impact while GDP per capita had a negative(-) impact：rate of female economic participation, rate of social aging, power of female labor unions. Regarding welfare-state-regimes,conservative and liberal regimes had negative impacts. This suggests that countries with high GDP per capita and conservative and liberal regimes tend to spend less on long-term care service for seniors than social democratic states. The result of the present study provides empirical evidence to the following argument：although levels of welfare are different according to GDP per capita and welfare-state-regimes, the increase in socialization of care positively influences OECD members so that they are likely to increase the public spending for the long-term care service for seniors.
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