4차 산업혁명시대 중국의 군사혁신 : 군사지능화와 군민융합(CMI) 강화를 중심으로
China’s RMA in 4th Industrial Revolution Era: Pursuing the Military Intelligence (Jungshi zhinenghua) through the Civil-Military Integration
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중국건국 100주년인 2049년까지 중화민족의 위대한 부흥을 이뤄내겠다는 중국몽(中國夢)은 중국군을 세계일류 강군으로 만들겠다는 강군몽(强軍 夢)을 핵심요소로 하고 있다. 19차 당대회에서 시진핑 주석이 군사지능화의 가속화와 정보통신체계에 기반한 전투력의 제고를 강조한 바와 같이 중국 강군몽은 군사지능화(军事智能化)를 핵심담론으로 하고 있다. 한편, 강군몽 추진의 핵심체계는 군민융합(Civil-Military Integration, CMI)으로, 중국공산당은 2017년 시진핑을 위원장으로 하는 군민융합발전위원회(中央军民融合发展委员会)를 설치하여, 중국 군사혁신 실현을 위한 민군협력을 강화해 가고 있다. 5G, 인공지능, 양자컴퓨터, 드론 등 4차 산업혁명시대 핵심 분야에서 중국 기술력이 급속히 부상하는 상황은 중국이 지능화, 정보화, 자동화, 무인화라는 군사혁신을 추구하면서 이를 위한 민군협력강화를 가속화하는 주요한 배경이라고 할 수 있다. 전통적 군사력 측면에서 미국에 열세인 중국의 군사전략은 전통적, 전면적 군사력 추격 전략이라기보다 5G, AI, 드론, 우주, 사물인터넷 등 4차산업혁명시대 미래 핵심기술을 활용한 상쇄전략을 핵심으로 한다. 본 논문은 첨단군사기술을 중심으로 하는 중국의 대미 군사전략을 비대칭 세력균형(asymmetric balancing)으로 보고, 군사지능화를 핵심으로 한 중국의군사기술혁신 전략, 군사기술혁신 추진체계의 변화, 특히 군민기술협력을핵심으로 하는 군민융합체계(Civil-Military Integration, CMI)를 분석하고, 국영 방위산업체들을 중심으로 중국 군사기술혁신의 구체적인 내용과민군협력의 양상을 구체적으로 고찰한다. 결론에서 중국의 군사지능화 전략이 한편으로는 군사력 강화의 기반이면서 한편으로는 핵심기술기반의 경제성장 전략이라는 이중목적(dual-purpose) 전략이라는 점에서 향후 중국의 군사지능화 전략과 군민융합정책은 더욱 가속화할 것이고, 4차 산업혁명 시대 미중 군사력 경쟁은 새로운 군비경쟁의 양상이 강화될 것으로 전망한다.
Abstract
The focus of this paper is the China’s RMA(Revolution of Military Arrairs) in the 4th Industrial Revolution era. This paper analyzes the China’s strategy to build up the military technology and its strategy of military intelligence in 4th industrial revolution era when the military is becoming more dependent on technology. This paper argue that China’s military strategy is more focusing on the technological building as the responding strategy toward the great power competition on the military power, and China is more putting the emphasis on the technology development- especially AI technology by the Civil-Military integration(CMI). The China’s military balancing toward the U.S. has focused on the catching up the 4th industrial revolution era’s key technologies- AI, big data, aerospace, and IOT(Internet of Things). These China’s military strategy can be regarded as a asymmetric balancing with the technological breakthrough. It analyzes the China’s military strategy to get the technological advance in the new round arms race of 4th IR era and its governance for developing the military science and technology. And it also analyzes the new trend of focusing on the AI technology and CMI system’s working on the getting the military technological advance in 4th IR era. The China’s Military Intelligence and CMI system of defense technology for the civil and military use are getting more expanded and it may open the new era for the U.S.-China competition in the military aspects.
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