유엔 장애인권리협약의 접근권 개념과 개별 국가의 사례: 반차별권(합리적 편의제공 의무)과의 관계를 중심으로
The Concept of the Right to Accessibility of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Cases of Individual Countries: Focusing on the Relationship with Anti-disc
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본 연구는 유엔 장애인권리협약에 제시된 접근권의 개념과 성격을 규명하고자 하였다. 특히 장애인의 접근성 실현이라는 공통의 목적을 가지면서 반차별권의 성격을 갖는 합리적 편의제공 의무와의 차이점과 상호관계를 밝힌다. 또한 미국, 영국, 노르웨이의 사례를 통해 개별 국가에서 접근권이 이해되는 방식과 이행의 구체적인 방법을 확인하였다. 연구의 주된 발견은 접근권과 합리적 편의제공 의무는 권리의 성격, 권리주체 및 실현시점, 조건성의 측면에서 차별화된다는 것이다. 또한 접근권이 점진적 이행을 전제로 하면서도 권리의 침해를 차별로 간주하도록 한 유엔 장애인권리위원회의 해석은 접근권의 최소 기준에 대해 차별법적 구제수단을 적용하도록 한 것으로 풀이할 수 있다. 이는 실제로 개별 국가의 사례에서도 확인되고 있으며, 장애인의 실질적인 접근성 확보를 위해 접근권과 합리적 편의제공 의무가 상호보완적이며 상호확장적 역할을 할 수 있음을 보여준다.
Abstract
This study aims to clarify the concept and nature of the right to accessibility in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities(CRPD). In particular, it will reveal the differences and relationships with the duty of reasonable accommodation understood as one of the anti-discrimination rights, although both rights have the common purpose of achieving accessibility of persons with disabilities. In an effort to explore how the right to accessibility exists and the actual relationship with the duty of reasonable accommodation, the study takes 3 countries(the United States, the United Kingdom, and Norway) as selected cases. The main finding of the study is that the two rights are differentiated in terms of the nature of rights. The right to accessibility is a social right whereas the duty of reasonable accommodation is a civil one. This difference results in the fact that the former is universally implemented without the application of ‘undue hardship’ while the latter is realised only after a person with disabilities requires accommodation on the condition that such accommodation does not give rise to ‘undue hardship’. This fact is confirmed in the cases of individual countries as well. The cases of three countries show that the right to accessibility and the duty of reasonable accommodation obligations can and should complement each other in order to achieve practical accessibility for persons with disabilities.
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