가정위탁서비스의 보호요인과 위험요인에 관한 이론적 연구
Theoretical Study for the Protective and the Risk Factors in Foster Care
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초록
본 연구는 가정위탁서비스가 아동의 발달에 미치는 영향을 이해하기 위해 미국가정위탁서비스의 사례를 중심으로 가정위탁서비스의 보호요인과 위험요인을 검토하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 한국 가정위탁서비스 제도와 관련된 정책, 실천, 연구를 위한 함의를 제안하였다. 가정위탁서비스의 보호요인은 학대 가정에 대한 사회적 감시의 증가, 추가적인 학대와 방임의 예방, 아동의 치료와 가족기능의 회복을 위한 포괄적 서비스 제공, 위탁부모의 지지, 교사와 또래집단의 지지를 들 수 있다. 이러한 보호요인들은 아동이 친부모로부터 받은 학대와 방임을 극복하고 긍정적인 발달을 할 수 있도록 지원한다. 반면에 위탁가정 입소 결정시 위탁서비스의 필요성이 적은 주변사례의 발생과 아동이 여러 위탁가정을 전전하는 주거불안정은 위탁아동의 발달에 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 위험요인에 해당하며, 청소년비행의 위험을 증가시키는 것으로 보인다. 긍정적인 아동발달을 지원하기 위해서는 주변사례의 발생을 줄이고, 아동과 친부모에게 포괄적인 서비스를 제공하고, 아동의 위탁가정 변경을 최소화하여 주거안정성을 보장하고, 향후 연구를 위해 위탁아동을 장기 추적한 종단자료의 개발이 필요하다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to understand the effects of protective and risk factors on child development of children in foster care. This study is based on the prevalence of juvenile delinquency among foster care children in the United States. This study suggests implications for policy, practice, and research related to the foster care service in Korea. The protective factors in foster care include the increase of social surveillance on the family, the prevention of additional child abuse and neglect, provision of comprehensive service for child and family, support from foster parents, teachers and friends. These protective factors enables foster children to overcome the effects of abuse and neglect and to have positive developmental outcomes. On the other hand, marginal cases of foster care placement and placement instability are some examples of the risk factors in foster care service and these factors might increase the risk of juvenile delinquency. To generate the positive development of foster children, it is necessary that we decrease the marginal cases of foster care placement, provide comprehensive services for both the child and family, assure the placement stability, and develop longitudinal data to trace foster care children.
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