가정환경 역경에 적응유연한 청소년의 보호요소에 관한 연구 : 학교적응, 내재화 및 외현화 문제를 중심으로
Protective Factors of Resilient Adolescents Despite Family Adversity : School Adjustment, Internalizing and Externalizing Problems
1
조회
0
다운로드
35
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 연구에서는 가정환경 역경의 위험요소에 노출된 청소년들 가운데 적응유연한 집단과 취약한 집단을 의미있게 변별하는 보호요소 변인들을 확인하고, 학교적응과 외현화 문제에서 적응유연한 청소년들이 내재화 문제에서도 적응유연한지를 검증하였다. 중학교 1학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지 535명의 청소년들과 그들의 부모가 본 연구에 참여하였다. 판별분석의 결과, 부모애착, 교사지지, 자아강도, 또래지지, 자녀양육의 질이 학교적응 수준에 따라서 구분된 적응유연 집단과 취약 집단을 유의하게 변별하는 보호요소들로 밝혀졌다. 내재화 문제의 수준에 따라서 적응유연 집단과 취약 집단을 구분한 경우에는 자아강도, 부모애착, 또래지지가, 외현화 문제의 수준에 따라서 집단을 구분한 경우에는 자아강도 만이 유의한 변별변인으로 나타났다. 학교적응, 내재화 문제, 외현화 문제의 모든 적응기준을 고려하여 적응유연 집단과 취약 집단을 구분한 경우에는 다섯 가지 보호요소들이 모두 유의한 변별변인으로 밝혀졌다. 한편 학교적응과 외현화 문제 각각의 기준에 근거하여 구분된 적응유연 집단과 유능 집단간 내재화 문제 수준의 차이는 유의하지 않았으며, 이 두 집단의 내재화 문제 수준은 취약 집단보다 유의하게 낮았다. 본 연구는 학교적응, 내재화 문제, 외현화 문제의 영역에서 적응유연한 청소년들의 삶을 다각적으로 탐색하였다는데 의의가 있다. 마지막으로, 후속연구와 상담 및 개입 실제를 위한 방안을 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is two-fold. One is to identify protective factors that would differentiate resilient adolescents from vulnerable ones. The other is to test whether resilient adolescents in school adjustment and externalizing problems would be also resilient in internalizing problems. Five-hundred thirty-five adolescents attending junior and senior high schools and their parents participated in this study. The results of discriminant function analyses revealed that parent attachment, teacher support, ego strength, peer support and quality of child-rearing practices were found to be significant protective factors discriminating resilient adolescents from vulnerable ones when they were grouped on the basis of school adjustment. When the two groups were made on the basis of internalizing problems, ego strength, parent attachment, and peer support were found to be significant discriminating variables. When the two groups were made on the basis of externalizing problems, ego strength was the only significant discriminating variable. When the two groups were made on the basis of school adjustment, internalizing and externalizing problems, all of the five protective factors were found to be significant discriminating variables. In addition, the results of ANOVA showed no significant differences between the resilient group and the competent group in the level of internalizing problems; however, the level of internalizing problems of the two groups was significantly lower than that of the vulnerable group. These findings support the previous idea that resilience should be examined in multiple domains of adjustment. In conclusion, suggestions for further research and intervention practices were made.
참고문헌 (38)
- "다요인인성검사" (2003), 한국가이던스
- "특수인성검사A" (2003), 한국가이던스
- "빈곤 청소년의 학교 적응유연성" (1998), 서울대학교
- "학교적응유연성과 관련된 보호요인 특성 연구: 야간실업고등학교 근로청소년 대상.", 13(3), pp.127~148 (2001)
- "K-CBCL 아동,청소년 행동평가 척도" (1997), 중앙적성연 구소
- "K-YSR 청소년 자기행동 평가척도" (2001), 중앙적성연구소
- "적응유연한 청소년들의 심리적 보호요소 탐색", 16(4), pp.189~206 (2002)
- ".기질 및 또래 지지가 청소년의 자기평가에 미치는 영향:단기 종단적 패널 연구" (1994), 연세대학교
- "Manual for the child behavior checklist", 4-18 and 1991 profile University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry, 1991a, ~
- "Manual for the youth self report and 1991 profile University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry" (1991)
- "Relations between DSM-IV and empirically based assessment", 25, pp.329~341 (1996)
- "The inventory of parent and peer attachment Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence Journal of Youth and Adolescence", pp.427~454 (1987)
- "Adolescent development:Pathways and processes of risk and resilience", 46, pp.265~293 (1995)
- "Life stressors, neighborhood disadvantage, and resources: A focus on inner-city children's adjustment", 26, pp.130~144 (1997)
- "The childhoods of multiple problem adolescents Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry", pp.1123~1140 (1994)
- "Adolescent resiliency to family adversity", 37(3), pp.281~292 (1996)
- "The transition to adolescence The role of gender and stress in problem behavior and competence Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Discipline", pp.929~937 (1991)
- "The role of family stressors and parent relationships on adolescent functioning Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry", pp.316~322 (1991)
- "The search for protective factors Recent research in developmental psychopathology Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Book Supplement 4", pp.213~233 (1985), Pergamon Press
- "and conduct problems in adolescence Testing process-oriented models of resilience", pp.663~682 (1993)
- "Illustrations from the study of maltreated children", pp.215~229 (1994)
- "Early predictors of male delinquency:A review", 94, pp.68~99 (1983)
- "Vulnerability and resilience:A study of high-risk adolescents", 62(3), pp.600~616 (1991)
- "The construct of resilience:Implications for intervention and social policy", 12, pp.857~885 (2000)
- "The construct of resilience A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work", 71(3), pp.543~562 (2000)
- "Resilience is not a unidimensional construct:Insights from a prospective study on inner-city adolescents", 5, pp.703~717 (1993)
- "Ordinary magic:Resilience processes in development", 56(3), pp.227~238 (2001)
- "The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: Lessons from successful children", 53, pp.205~220 (1998)
- "and protective factors in the developmental psychopathology Advances in clinical child psychology Vol", pp.1~51 (1985), Plenum
- "Competence and stress in school children The moderating effects of individual and family qualities Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry", pp.745~764 (1988)
- "Competence in the context of adversity: Pathways to resilience and maladaptation from childhood to late adolescence", 11, pp.143~169 (1999)
- "Resilient adolescents and interparental conflict", 63, pp.462~471 (1993)
- "Behavior assessment system for children" (1992)
- "Protective factors in children's responses to stress and disadvantage Primary prevention of psychopathology Social competence in children University Press of New England", pp.49~74 (1979)
- Trickett, E. J.,, "Classroom environment scale manual: Development, applications, research" (1995), Consulting Psychologists Press
- Werner,E.E, "High-risk children in young adulthood:A longitudinal study from birth to 32 years", 59, pp.72~81 (1989)
- In S, "Handbook of early childhood intervention 97-116" (1990), Cambridge University Press
- Wright, M. O, "Long-term effects of massive trauma: Developmental and psychobiological perspectives. In D. Cicchetti & S. L. Toth (Eds.),", 8, pp.181~225 (1997), University of Rochester Press.
