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역경과 유연성이 청소년의 정신건강, 학교생활적응, 친사회적 행동에 미치는 영향

Resilience and Risks: The Protective and Vulnerability Roles in Mental Health, School Adjustment, and Pro-social Behaviors of Adolescents.

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본 연구는 역경과 유연성이 청소년 적응에 미치는 주효과와 상호작용효과를 보고자 하였다. 역경은 개인적, 가족적, 환경적 위험들을 포괄하여 수준별로 분석하였고, 유연성도 다차원적 특성을 반영하여 개인 내적 특성들과 외적 보호요인들을 체계적으로 포괄하여 분석하였다. 적응결과는 정신건강과 학교생활적응, 친사회적 행동수준을 보호성과 취약성이라는 관점에서 분석하였다. 고 역경 조건에서도 높은 적응수준을 보이는 유능 집단은 고 역경에서 낮은 적응수준을 보이는 부적응 집단에 비하여 인지적, 정서적, 의지적, 영적 유연성이 더 뛰어났으며, 가정과 학교, 또래 및 지역사회 차원에서의 긍정적인 상호작용과 의미있는 참여에 더 적극적이었다. 또한 유연한 청소년들은 역경수준이 높아짐에 따라 정신건강이 비교적 안정적으로 유지되며(보호적-안정화), 학교생활적응은 다소 영향을 받긴 하지만 월등한 적응수준을 유지하고(보호적-반응), 친사회적 행동은 오히려 증가함으로써 고 역경 상황에서도 외부사회와의 적극적이고 이타적인 관계를 유지하는 것으로 나타났다(보호적-강화). 반면에 유연성이 낮은 청소년들은 역경수준이 높아짐에 따라 정신건강이 저하되고(취약화-반응), 학교생활적응이 급격히 감소되는 취약성을 보였으며(취약화-반응), 친사회적 적응도 유의하게 감소됨으로써 반사회적 행동화의 가능성을 암시해주고 있어서 취약성이 더욱 악화되는 것으로 나타났다(취약화-반응).

Abstract

The first concern of this study was to search the protective factors that distinguish the high functioning adolescents at high risk from low functioning ones. Results of t-tests proved that competent adolescents at high risk have more cognitive, emotional, volitional, and spiritual resilience; to be more active in the interaction and participation in family, school, peer relation, and community situation. The second concern of this study was to analyze the relationship between adversity and resilience. The result of Analysis of Variance revealed that, as the level of adversity increases, resilient adolescents can keep their psychological wellbeing(protective-stabilizing), show much higher adjustment in school life even though affected more or less by the high adversity(protective but reactive), increase their pro-social behaviors at high risk (protective-enhancing). By contrast, the non-resilient adolescents' mental health proved to be threatened, their school adjustment to be severly frustrated, their pro-social behaviors to be scarce as the level of adversity increases(all vulnerable-reactive). The implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for further research are discussed.

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