반추방식에 따른 우울성향자의 정서적 외삽 차이: 구체적 반추와 추상적 반추의 비교
Difference between Concrete and Abstract Rumination on Emotional Extrapolation in Depression
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
정서적 외삽(emotional extrapolation)은 초기에 경험한 사건의 정서가를 토대로 미래 사건의 정서가를 예측하는 경향성을 말하며, 심리적으로 경직된 예측을 설명하는 주요한 변인 중 하나이다. 본 연구의 목적은 반추방식에 따른 우울성향자의 정서적 외삽 차이를 알아보는 것이다. 58명의 우울성향 대학생과 대학원생들이 연구에 참여하였고, 연구참여자들은 두 집단으로 무선배정 되어 구체적 반추 면담을 진행하거나 추상적 반추 면담을 진행하였다. 이후, 정서적 외삽 평가 과제를 실시하였다. 집단 간 정서적 외삽 수준의 차이를 확인하기 위해 반추적 반응을 공변인으로 하는 공분산분석을 실시한 결과, 구체적 반추 집단은 추상적 반추 집단에 비해 정서적 외삽 수준이 유의하게 낮았다. 이를 통해 우울성향자가 부적 경험에 대해 구체적으로 반추할 경우, 추상적으로 반추할 때보다 정서적 외삽 수준이 낮음을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과는 학교 상담 장면에서 우울성향 내담자들을 상담할 때 구체적으로 사고를 하도록 하는 것이 미래를 유연하게 예측하는 데 도움이 될 것이라는 점에서 구체적 반추를 통한 상담 개입의 필요성을 시사한다. 마지막으로는 본 연구의 의의와 한계점을 논의하였다.
Abstract
Emotional extrapolation is the tendency to extrapolate the likely emotional tone of future events based on the emotional tone of prior events. The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference between concrete and abstract rumination on emotional extrapolation in depressed individuals. For this study, 58 self-reportedly depressed undergraduate and graduate students participated in the experiment. Participants were randomly allocated to a concrete rumination group or an abstract rumination group and took part in a concrete rumination interview or an abstract rumination interview. Analysis of covariance was utilized to compare the comprehension latencies in Emotional Extrapolation Assessment Task between the two groups. The result showed that participants in concrete rumination group reported lower level of emotional extrapolation than those in abstract rumination group. This implies that when depressed individuals ruminate negative experiences concretely, the level of emotional extrapolation is lower than when they ruminate abstractly. Such result suggests that the necessity of counseling intervention through concrete rumination in terms of concrete thinking would be helpful to predict the future flexibly when counseling depressed clients in the school counseling practice. The implications and limitations of the study were discussed.
참고문헌 (47)
- 김소정, "한국판 반추적 반응 척도(K-RRS)의 타당화 연구", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29(1), pp.1~19 (2010), 한국임상심리학회[DOI]
- 김창대, "신경과학적 관점의 정서조절 연구 동향 -상담 및 심리치료에 제공하는 시사점-", 상담학연구, 20(3), pp.1~51 (2019), 한국상담학회[DOI]
- 서국희, "한국 노인의 우울 증상 유병률 및 위험 인자", 대한노인과학회지, 2(1), pp.49~60 (1998)
- 장휘숙, "성인초기의 발달과업과 행복의 관계", 한국심리학회지: 발달, 22(1), pp.19~36 (2009), 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회
- 전겸구, "통합적 한국판CES-D 개발", 한국심리학회지 : 건강, 6(1), pp.59~76 (2001)
- Anderson, A., "The accessibility of pronominal antecedents as a function of episode shifts in narrative text", Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 35(3), pp.427~440 (1983)
- Andersen, S. M., "Future-event schemas : Automaticity and rumination in major depression", Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25(3), pp.311~333 (2001)
- Boyer, P., "Evolutionary economics of mental time travel?", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(6), pp.219~224 (2008)
- Buchanan, J., "The Regret Elements Scale : Distinguishing the affective and cognitive components of regret", Judgement and Decision Making, 11(3), pp.275~286 (2016)
- Busseri, M. A., "Do(even)depressed individuals believe that life gets better and better? The link between depression and subjective trajectories for life satisfaction", Clinical Psychological Science, 3(5), pp.715~725 (2015)
- Carleton, R. N., "Increasingly certain about uncertainty : Intolerance of uncertainty across anxiety and depression", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(3), pp.468~479 (2012)
- Gilbert, D. T., "Prospection : Experiencing the future", Science, 317(5843), pp.1351~1354 (2007)
- Healy, A. F., "Effects of prolonged work on data entry speed and accuracy", Journal of Experimental Psychology : Applied, 10(3), pp.188~199 (2004)
- Klar, Y., "Depression and generalizations about the future: Who overgeneralizes what?", Personality and Individual Differences, 22(4), pp.575~584 (1997)
- Kube, T., "On the maintenance of expectations in major depression–investigating a neglected phenomenon", Frontiers in Psychology, 8, pp.1~7 (2017)
- Kube, T., "Why dysfunctional expectations in depression persist–Results from two experimental studies investigating cognitive immunization", Psychological Medicine, 49(9), pp.1532~1544 (2019)
- Lavender, A., "Rumination and future thinking in depression", British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43(2), pp.129~142 (2004)
- Lyubomirsky, S., "Effects of self-focused rumination on negative thinking and interpersonal problem solving", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(1), pp.176~190 (1995)
- MacLeod, A. K., "Components of hopelessness about the future in parasuicide", Cognitive Therapy and Research, 17(5), pp.441~455 (1993)
- Michael, J. M., "판단의 버릇" (2016), 사이
- Moberly, N. J., "Processing mode influences the relationship between trait rumination and emotional vulnerability", Behavior Therapy, 37(3), pp.281~291 (2006)
- Nolen-Hoeksema, S., "Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), pp.569~582 (1991)
- Radloff, L. S., "The CES-D scale a self-report depression scale for research in the general population", Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), pp.385~401 (1977)
- Rief, W., "Expectation focused psychological interventions(EFPI)", Verhaltenstherapie, 26, pp.47~54 (2016)
- Rimes, K. A., "The effects of self-focused rumination on global negative self-judgements in depression", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(12), pp.1673~1681 (2005)
- Roepke, A. M., "Depression and prospection", British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55(1), pp.23~48 (2016)
- Seligman, M. E., "Navigating into the future or driven by the past", Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(2), pp.119~141 (2013)
- Steinhardt, M., "Evaluation of a resilience intervention to enhance coping strategies and protective factors and decrease symptomatology", Journal of American College Health, 56(4), pp.445~453 (2008)
- Stöber, J., "Reduced concreteness of worry In generalized anxiety disorder : Findings from a therapy study", Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(1), pp.89~96 (2002)
- Suddendorf, T., "Foresight and evolution of the human mind", Science, 312(5776), pp.1006~1007 (2006)
- Suddendorf, T., "The evolution of foresight: What is mental time travel, and is it unique to humans?", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 30(3), pp.299~313 (2007)
- Suddendorf, T., "Proximate and ultimate perspectives on memory", Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 2(4), pp.246~247 (2013)
- Takano, K., "Self-rumination, self-reflection, and depression : Self-rumination counteracts the adaptive effect of self-reflection", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(3), pp.260~264 (2009)
- Taylor, S. E., "Harnessing the imagination : Mental simulation, self-regulation, and coping", American Psychologist, 53(4), pp.429~439 (1998)
- Treynor, W., "Rumination reconsidered : A psychometric analysis", Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(3), pp.247~259 (2003)
- Trope, Y., "Temporal construal", Psychological Review, 110(3), pp.403~421 (2003)
- Vallacher, R. R., "What do people think they're doing? Action identification and human behavior", Psychological Review, 94(1), pp.3~ (1987)
- Van Lier, J., "Abstract"why"thoughts about success lead to greater positive generalization in sport participants", Frontiers in Psychology, 6, pp.1783~ (2015)
- Watkins, E., "Adaptive and maladaptive ruminative self-focus during emotional processing", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42(9), pp.1037~1052 (2004)
- Watkins, E., "Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought", Psychological Bulletin, 134(2), pp.163~206 (2008)
- Watkins, E. R., "Rumination-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for depression" (2018), Guilford Publications
- Watkins, E., "For ruminators, the emotional future is bound to the emotional past : heightened ruminative disposition is characterized by Increased emotional extrapolation", Clinical Psychological Science, 3(4), pp.648~658 (2015)
- Watkins, E., "Processing mode causally influences emotional reactivity : Distinct effects of abstract versus concrete construal on emotional response", Emotion, 8(3), pp.364~378 (2008)
- Watkins, E., "Distinct modes of ruminative self-focus : impact of abstract versus concrete rumination on problem solving in depression", Emotion, 5(3), pp.319~328 (2005)
- Watkins, E., "Rumination and overgeneral memory in depression : effects of self-focus and analytic thinking", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110(2), pp.353~357 (2001)
- Watkins, E., "Adaptive and maladaptive self-focus in depression", Journal of Affective Disorders, 82(1), pp.1~8 (2004)
- Watson, D., "Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect : the PANAS scales", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), pp.1063~ (1988)