놀이치료에서 ‘치료적 현존’ 개념 고찰 -치료적 관계의 안전감을 매개하는 다미주신경이론 기제-
The concept of “Therapeutic Presence” in play therapy: Polyvagal theory mediating feeling safe in play therapeutic relationships
0
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 치료적 관계의 핵심인 치료적 현존의 개념을 대인관계신경생물학적 기제를 기반으로 고찰해 보고자 하였다. 치료적 현존은 치료사와 내담자가 만나는 그 순간에 온전히 함께 있기 위하여 자신의 전체 자아를 불러 모으는 것으로, 신체적으로, 정서적으로, 인지적으로 그리고 영적인 수준까지 다양한 수준에서 내담자와 만나는 것을 말한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 놀이치료 사례를 중심으로 치료적 현존이 어떻게 긍정적인 치료적 관계에 기여하며 치료사-내담자 사이의 안전감의 느낌을 촉진하는지를 대인관계신경생물학이론인 다미주신경이론을 통해 설명하고자 한다. 다미주신경이론에 따르면, 얼굴 표정, 제스쳐, 발성, 목소리의 운율 등은 사회적 관여의 표시가 되어 이러한 표시들이 전달될 때 방어는 줄어들고 안전감을 느끼게 된다. 치료적 현존 및 현재-초점을 둔 참여가 증가할수록 치료사와 내담자 모두 안전감을 촉진하는 신체생리적 상태에 들어가기 쉬우며, 이러한 신체생리적 상태를 통해 긍정적 치료적 관계 뿐 아니라 성장과 변화를 위한 최적의 상태를 유지할 수 있게 된다.
Abstract
Therapeutic presence brings one’s whole self into the encounter with clients by being completely in the moment on multiple levels: physically, emotionally, cognitively, and spiritually. Drawing from polyvagal theory, this paper present a bio-behavioral explanation of how therapeutic presence can facilitate a sense of safety in both play therapist and client, to deepen the therapeutic relationship and promote effective therapy. According to the theory, when safety is communicated via expressed markers of social engagement (e, g., facial expressions, gestures, and prosodic vocalizations), defensiveness is down-regulated. Cultivating presence and engagement in present-centered relationships can therefore facilitate effective therapy by having both client and play therapist enter a physiological state that supports feelings of safety, positive therapeutic relationships, and optimal conditions for growth and change.
참고문헌 (52)
- Allison, K. L., "The therapeutic alliance: Exploring the concept of “safety” from a neuropsychotherapeutic perspective", International Journal of Neuro-psychotherapy, 1, pp.21~29 (2013)
- Baldwin, M., "The use of self in therapy", pp.29~38 (2000), Haworth Press
- Barrett-Lennard, G., "The empathy cycle : Refinement of a nuclear concept", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28(2), pp.91~100 (1981)
- Buber, M., "Ich und du" (1994), Moonyebooks
- Bugental, J. F. T., "The art of the psychotherapist" (1987), Norton
- 이승희, "놀이치료자의 자기효능감 및 직무스트레스가 내담아동과의 치료적 동맹에 미치는 영향", 놀이치료연구, 20(2), pp.1~23 (2016), 한국아동심리재활학회
- Cozolino, L. J., "The neuroscience of relationships: Attachment and the developing social brain" (2006), Norton
- Dunn, R., "Effects of pre-session centering for therapists on session presence and effectiveness", Psychotherapy Research, 23, pp.78~85 (2013)
- Freud, S., "Classics in psychoanalytic technique", pp.3~8 (2004), Rowman & Littlefield
- Geller, S., "Cultivation of therapeutic presence: Therapeutic drumming and mindfulness practices", Journal for Client-Centered Psychotherapy, 47(4), pp.273~287 (2009)
- Geller, S. M., "Therapeutic presence: The development of a model and a measure", doctor, pp.2001
- Geller, S. M., "Relational depth: New perspectives and development", pp.175~184 (2013), Palgrave Macmillan
- Geller, S. M., "Therapeutic presence: Therapists' experience of presence in the psychotherapeutic encounter", Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 1, pp.71~86 (2002)
- Geller, S. M., "Therapeutic presence: A mindful approach to effective therapy" (2012), American Psychological Association
- Geller, S. M., "Therapeutic presence : Neuro-physiological mechanisms mediating feeling safe in therapeutic relationship", Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 24, pp.178~192 (2014)
- Geller, S. M., "Therapist and client perceptions of therapeutic presence : The development of measure", Psychotherapy Research, 20, pp.599~619 (2010)
- 고은애, "놀이치료자의 놀이성과 제한설정이 치료적 동맹에 미치는 영향", 놀이치료연구, 14(1), pp.1~19 (2010), 한국아동심리재활학회
- Greenberg, L. S., "Congruence: Rogers’ therapeutic conditions. Evolution, theory, and practice Vol. 1", pp.131~149 (2001), PCCS Books
- Hayes, J., "Therapist presence and its relationship to empathy, session, depth, and symptom reduction" (2011), Society for Psychotherapy Research
- Hayes, S. C., "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy : An experiential approach to behavior change" (1999), Guilford Press
- self-psychology approach, "The healing relationship in gestalt therapy : A dialogical", pp.1995, Hycner, R.
- Kalat, J. W., "Biological Psychology" (2013), Wadsworth
- Kestly, T. A., "Presence and Play : Why Mindfulness Matters", International Journal of Play Therapy, 25(1), pp.14~23 (2016)
- Lambert, M. J., "Bergin and Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change", pp.139~193 (2004), Wiley
- Lambert, M. J., "Mindfulness and the therapeutic relationship", pp.19~33 (2008), Guilford Press
- 이순행, "치료적 관계와 놀이의 발생", 놀이치료연구, 20(2), pp.41~56 (2016), 한국아동심리재활학회
- Martin, D. J., "Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables : A meta-analytic review", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, pp.438~450 (2000)
- Mitchell, S. A., "Relational Concepts in Psychoanalysis : An Integration" (1988), Harvard University Press
- Moustakas, C., "Relationship play therapy" (1997), Jason Aronson
- Norcross, J. C., "Psychotherapy relationships that work: Evidence-based responsiveness" (2011), Oxford University Press
- Orlinsky, D. E., "Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change", pp.270~376 (1994), Wiley
- Perls, F., "The Gestalt Approach and Eye Witness to Therapy" (1973), Science & Behavior Books
- Porges, S. W., "Social engagement and attachment", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1008(1), pp.31~47 (2003)
- Porges, S. W., "Attachment and bonding: A new synthesis" (2006), The MIT Press
- Porges, S. W., "The polyvagal perspective", Biological Psychology, 74, pp.116~143 (2007)
- Porges, S. W., "The healing power of emotios: Affective neuroscience, development and clinical Practice", pp.27~54 (2009), Norton & Company
- Porges, S. W., "The polyvagal theory: Neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, self-regulation" (2011), Norton & Company
- Pos, A., "Therapist presence, empathy, and the working alliance in experiential treatment for depression", the meeting of the Society for Psychotherapy Research (2011)
- Rogers, C. R., "The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change", Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, pp.95~103 (1957)
- Rogers, C. R., "A way of being" (1980), Houghton Mifflin
- 노혜숙, "아동상담에서의 치료 동맹 관련 변인: 아동의 성, 연령 및 문제행동 심각도를 중심으로", 놀이치료연구, 14(2), pp.15~29 (2010), 한국아동심리재활학회
- "The end of the medical model: Recent findings in neuroscience regarding antidepressant medication and the implication for neuropsychotherapy" (2013)[URL]
- Schmid, P. F., "Person-centered therapy: A European perspective", pp.74~90 (1998), Sage Publications Ltd
- Schneider, K. J., "The psychology of existence : An integrative, clinical perspective" (1995), McGraw-Hill
- Schore, A. N., "Affect regulation and the repair of the self" (2003), Norton
- Segal, Z. V., "Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression : A new approach to preventing relapse" (2002), Guilford
- Shirk, S. R., "The alliance in child and adolescent psychotherapy", Psychotherapy, 48, pp.17~24 (2011)
- Siegel, D. J., "The developing mind(2nd ed. ) : How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are" (2012), Guilford Press
- 송영혜, "놀이치료 패러다임의 변화: 놀이치료사를 위한 제언", 놀이치료연구, 19(2), pp.29~38 (2015), 한국아동심리재활학회
- Stern, D. N., "The present moment in psychotherapy and everyday Life" (2004), W. W. Norton
- Webster, M., "Blue suede shoes : The therapist’s presence", Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 19, pp.184~189 (1998)
- Wyatt, G., "Presence : Bringing together the core conditions", ICCEP Conference (2000)
