中国有限公司股东股权优先购买权的适用范围与实现机制
The Application Scope and Implementation Mechanisms of Shareholders’ Pre-emptive Right of Limited Companies in China
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초록
公司这一组织形式从其诞生开始，就天然存在着不同主体之间的利益冲突，其中有限公司股东之间冲突的表现之一就是股东股权转让权与股东优先购买权的冲突。为实现上述两种权利的平衡与协调，各国公司法律制度都对此问题加以规范和调整。股权转让从本质上属于私法自治的范畴，是否允许以及如何转让等问题都应交由公司的“宪法”——章程来确定，在章程未做排除规定的情况下，公司法应明确其他股东在股权对外转让时有优先购买权，并应当设计具有可操作性的规则确保股东优先购买权的实现。同时，股东优先购买权的实现不能以牺牲股权自由转让的法律价值为代价。
Abstract
As an organization, corporation exists naturally interest conflicts among different subjects since its birth. Meanwhile, a conflict between limited company’s is the conflict between the right to transfer equity stake and the priority right to purchase. To achieve balance and coordination of the above two kinds of rights, almost all countries’ corporation laws regulate and provide this problem. To transfer equity stake belongs to category of autonomy of private law, whether and how to transfer should be determined by company’s “constitution”, i.e. corporation articles. In the event that articles have no exclusive provisions, corporation law should provide conditions under which other shareholders have pre-emptive right, and design operant rules to ensure the realization of shareholders’ pre-emptive right. At the same time, shareholders’ pre-emptive right should not be realized at the expense of sacrificing the legal value of transferring equity stake freely.
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