조선 초기의 기복(起復) 제도

Abstract

The Kibok(Reassignment) policy refers to the appointing an official who has removed himself from office to serve the 3 years of filial duty upon the death of his parents before the end of the memorial term. The policy was issued in China’s Han Dynasty and the Dang Dynasty financed the policy in order to imbue meaning into the practice of the 3 years of filial duty. The Koryo Dynasty accommodated the Kibok policy and reassigned officials after 100 days of filial duty among the 3 year term by distinguishing the appointment to above level 4 and below level 5. After the reappointment, officials were required to dress in official attire in the office and in the memorial attire after duty. The free days issued during the ninth year of reign of King Hyunjong treated Confucianism and Buddhism without any discrepancies and was passed in order to increase the efficacy of the policy management. During the early Josun Dynasty period, the Kibok policy mainly applied to literary and military officials that were of premier ranks. High ranking officials that were practicing their 3 year memorial duties had to be first discussed by the central government and had to be evaluated by the office of inspector-general and the office of the censor-general. Such procedures were necessary to establish a consensus about the reassignment of a particular official, to practice fair judgment by the King towards that particular official, as well as to promote balance with the policy of reforming the Confucius practice. The reassignment free days, included at the end of the Koryo Dynasty, was necessitated to emphasize of the practice of Confucian traditions. Later, the syzygy free days were officially include within the “Great Kyungkook Records" and with this officials who practiced the syzygy practice were recognized for their respect of the Confucian custom. The reassignment policy was criticized for shortening the 3 year memorial duty. To resolve this issue, officials were required to practice a mandatory memorial duty of 1 year minimum first and confirm their practice of the memorial duty for 3 full years as well as practicing the 3 year memorial duty after the official fully carried out his office duties. After the “Great Kyungkook Records" regulated the syzygy free days the problems of shortened memorial duties that could not be solved by previous free day policies were resolved and the foundation to promote 3 year memorial duties and reassignment policies was established.