中日戰爭 中期(1939-1941) 國民政府의 抗戰戰略과 實踐

Abstract

This study attempts to investigate the strategies and tactics of the Nationalist Army during the second phase of the Sino-Japanese War. The focus of th study is how the Nationalist changed their war policy and conducted military reform and rearmament after the war was prolonged. At the same time this paper presents how the Nationalist Army conducted their military operations against Japanese. The First Nanyue Military Conference, coming in the wake of fifteen months of defeats and the loss of the economic, cultural, and political center of China was especially significant. Through this conference, Chiang Kaishek stated that the second phase of war is the time to prepare a counter attack. After this conference, the Nationalist Military Council simplified the military command system, unified the military organization, and merged belonged to local clique's army. Their conductions shaped the back of conducting a prolonged war. The Nationalist Army's operations consisted of three stages. The first phase is the stage of defense in depth operation from the fall of Wuhan and Canton to November 1939. The second phase is the stage of counter offensive operation from December 1939 to January 1940. The final is the stage of mobile defensive operation after the winter offensive until the outbreak the Pacific War. In conclusion, I can suggest that the Nationalist performed well the War of Resistance regardless of poor that they had. As a result, the second phase of the Nationalist tactics can be as flexible and comprehensive rather than passive. However, their counter attack and pursuit operations had not gone to plan. It derived from their lack of mobile ability, heavy artillery, and airforce.