조선의 對女眞關係와 6鎭지역 사람들

Abstract

The study investigated characteristics of Joseon’s relationship with Jurchen(女眞) based on formation of Fence in Tumen River basin and related policy of Joseon. And the study tried to find life of people of Joseon and Jurchen in Six Jin(六鎭). Key point of Joseon’s policy with Jurchen was construction of Fence in Tumen River basin. In Sejong period, Six Jin were made so that administrative and military border line was expanded to Tumen River basin. But this could not force all Jurchen people to leave. Accordingly, Joseon allowed Jurchen people to live in Six Jin and called them Jurchen people near castle(城底野人). Centered on them, Joseon constructed Jurchen Fence and Boundary Jurchens based on hierarchial relationship between Joseon and Jurchen people in around Tumen River basin. Thus, characteristic of Joseon's relationship with Jurchen is that by constructing Jurchen Fence in Tumen River basin, Joseon intended to form peaceful border area and space where Joseon and Jurchen people coexisted. But method, process, and result of constructing Jurchen Fence were never peaceful. First of all, Joseon took residential place of Jurchen people and forced them to move to Six Jin area. And Joseon let Jurchen people not move and stay in Tumen River basin to construct Fence. Joseon people moved to Six Jin area had to be always alert to invasion of Jurchen people. And they became main target of plunder. They also cleared barren land under cold weather and various disasters. And they suffered from harsh plunder of military officers, burdensome tax, and offering of tribute. Especially, Siberian mink fur which was a tribute made life of Joseon people be more tough. Some of people in Six Jin could not endure such life so that they left their place and floated, some of them crossed the border over Tumen River. Jurchen people were protected by Joseon’s Fence policy and introduced agricultural technology and tools. As a result, villages and population increased. Jurchen people were protected by Joseon and they depended on Joseon. So they should follow law of Joseon and command of Joseon' king. They should provide information about Jurchen people who lived far away from Joseon(深處野人). They should strive to find out Joseon people who were captured by Jurchen and let them go home. And they should obey authority and dignity of military officers in the border area. They also were plundered by military officer around the border like Joseon people. Main object of plunder was Siberian mink fur. Excessive collection of Siberian mink fur and blackmail, abuse of penalty etc. by the military officer made Jurchen people leave Joseon. So, Jurchen people returned to their homeland from Six Jin, or invaded border area of Joseon by using neglected defence. After Six Jin was constructed, Joseon people and Jurchen people lived in different places each other, for example, inside and outside of castle respectively. That is, there were two spaces as ethnic groups were distinguished and differentiated. But when thinking of the space of border area, distance between two was close and they always got in touch with each other. Six Jin was changing from border area where ethnic group met each other into social and economic space beyond nationality. Joseon people and Jurchen people led this, improving a new life. However, ruling class still considered Jurchen people as animal, object for edification, existence who should obey dignity. So the border area could not be mutual social and economic space, space of peace and coexistence, where ethnic groups exchanged each other and lived. In conclusion, it was inevitable that plunder and invasion of Jurchen people, revenge of Joseon for this were repeated.