조선전기 수직정책(授職政策)의 연원(淵源)과 변화(變化) -수직여진인(受職女眞人)의 현황 분석을 중심으로-

Abstract

The public post conferment policy on the Jucheon in the early Joseon period was not an independent policy of Joseon, but an inherited one from early Goryeo. Goryeo seemed to grant some Jurchen people a title of ``General``(將軍) and local government posts(鄕職) after the model of China``s tributary and investiture system. The Jurchen were granted public posts and called a vessal(稱臣) as a special favor(恩典) of their assistance to Goryeo, and Goryeo insisted suzerainty over the Jurchen. The post conferment policy of Joseon was also carried out in accordance with the assistance of the Jurchen and Joseon also regarded the Jurchen as suzerainty of Joseon utilizing the policy to subordinate them. The pattern of public post conferment had a considerable similarity between Goryeo and Joseon. Granting ``General`` title by Goryeo and Manho by Joseon are some outputs of such suzerainty perception. By granting ``General`` or Manho title to them, Goryeo and Joseon made it clear that the Jurchen was under suzerainty of Goryeo and Joseon. And, granting local posts by Goryeo and Jungchuwon posts and Owi posts by Joseon seemed to have been utilized for ranking of the Jurchen and differencing them by their contribution. Accordingly, the conferment to the Jurchen by Goryeo and Joseon was the output of common awareness and policy towards the Jurchen. The conferment policy of Joseon was developed one step further beyond a simple succession of Goryeo``s policy. In particular, the appeasement policy toward the Jurchen became more important in order to install and defend 4 forces and 6 camps, and there is no doubt that the post conferment policy played an important role in it. That is to say, this policy was expanded to the Jurchen residents in Duman river and Abnok river and also people once granted posts by the Ming dynasty. From the reign of King Sejong the number of public post conferred Jurchen increased a lot. The basis of conferment policy settled during the reign of King Sejong continued when King Sejo carried out Moryeonwi conquest and rewarded after the conquest to the Jurchen. The number of the conferred Jurchen reached its peak during the King Sejo and then began to decrease at the reign of King Seongjong . Moreover, the post conferment policy was progressed actively in accordance with the change of the Jurchen``s political atmosphere and power transition. In its initial stage, the cases of conferment were exclusively targeted on the Altari tribe and the Oriyanggai tribe which later had been concentrated on the Oriyanggai tribe. This was consistent with the situation in which Oriyanggai became the largest tribe, and thus the policy was carried out in accordance with the power transition of the Jurchen.