麗末鮮初 朝･明간 女眞 귀속 경쟁과 그 意義

Abstract

East Asia situation during the period from the end of Koryo to the early of Chosun had a variety of variables which cannot be explained with one theory of general trend. Under such situation, Koryo (or Chosun) worried the military prssure of Ming, which was a emerging powerful nation at that time. Therefore, the conquest of Liaodong by Ming was a threat to Koryo (or Chosun) and searched the way against the expansion of Ming by the solidarity with Northen Yuan or with Jurchen. On the contrary, Ming intended to strongly interrupt the solidarity between Northern Yuan and Koryo (or Chosun) and to search for the way to stable the frontier keeping in check of Chosun. Declaration of installation of Cheolryeongwi for impatient blocking the solidarity between Koryo and Northern Yuan by Ming has changed the wariness of Koryo to Ming into hostility and has changed the situation of both countries into the situation very before breaking out a war. At that time, though Ming's policy was so impatient, this means that the necessity to check Koryo which intended to march into Manchurian area where its occupant is unclear during shifting period from Yuan to Ming. Due to the troop withdrawal of Seong-gye Lee, the war was not broken out but the territorial dispute became a significant international problem between Koryo (or Chosun) and Ming. However, in order to affect on future Manchurian areas checking each other under the situation that both countries refrain from using military forces and to stable the changes of Dynasty, it is urgently needed to draw Jurchen into their own boundary. In particular, Chosun had a need to strengthen the supremacy to Northeastern area where the dispute to this area was not clearly solved after founding a new kingdom. Therefore, at the fourth year of Taejong's reign (1404), Chosun dispatched an envoy to Ming and required the approval of governance to Jurchens in 10 areas of Northeastern region. Both countries (Chosun & Ming) justified various reasons in order to become a dominant position in the dispute of deciding the belonging of Jurchen. They sometimes conciliated and sometimes set a strong military operation. At the early time, Ming approved the governance to Jurchens in 10 areas of Northeastern region to Chosun because of insufficiency of key information and in order to avoid the military tension. But, Ming created the conflict with Chosun by revealing late the desire to govern Jurchen. Ming strived to separate Jurchen from Chosun by making Jurchen to be included to Weisuozhi (衛所制) of Ming with conciliation and pressure to Jurchen. Representative case showing the competition for conciliating the chief of Jurchens between Chosun and Ming was the conflict for Möngke Temür (童猛哥帖木兒). The group of Möngke Temür of Jurchens in 10 areas was one of key forces in Jurchen and with this reason, Ming strived to conciliate Möngke Temür who was designated to government post of Chosun. As Möngke Temür was designated to government post of Ming, the governance to Jurchens in 10 areas by Chosun became seriously threatened. Securing the governance of Chosun to Jurchens in 10 areas during the early of Chosun Dynasty became a highly significant opportunity related to securing the territories in Northeastern region. Chosun governed the changed areas stably through friendliness and conciliation to Jurchen during the early of Chosun Dynasty but the governance to 10 areas was threatened by the belonging competition with Ming. As such situation continued, Chosun intended to secure 10 areas permanantly by strong military activities. Installing Guns & Jins after many military activities at four guns & six Jins during Sejong's reign was connected to secure the governance right to Jurchens in 10 areas descended from the end of Koryo. Because the regions to Gongheomjin area in Northen region of Duman river were 10 areas approved from Ming as a result of negotiation with Ming during the period from the end of Koryo to the early Chosun, [Sejongsilrok] Jiriji recorded such regions as those of Chosun.