일본의 독도 영토편입과 오키도(隱岐島)어민들의 독도 진출

Abstract

This paper examined the territory recognition of the Japanese sea lion fishers on Dokdo through the recognition of fishers on the fishing field and the usage. The recognition of the fishers on the fishing field by Nakai Yozaburo(中井養三郞) who submitted Dokdo territory annexation petition to Japan was focused as below. First, Japanese historical material concerning Dokdo the recorded ‘Dokdo around Ulleungdo’, ‘Dokdo outside of Uleungdo’, and ‘one island except Ulleungdo’, which Japanese fishers recognized Dokdo was affiliated to Ulleungdo. Nakai indicated Dokdo was affiliated to Korean Ulleungdo when he submitted the petition 『Concept of the Business』 and it was common recognition of the contemporary Japanese fishers who traveled to Uleungdo. Japanese fishers traveled round to Ulleungdo squid fishing field and 'found' Dokdo sea lion fishing field but they were difficult to sail around Dokdo and organized sea lion fishery association to capture the sea lion because of short sailing technology. However, Nakai who failed to get fishing field and expelled from Russian recognized the importance of oversea fishing field and discussed with Japanese officials about the matter. On the process of discussion, Japanese officials asked Nakai to submit Dokdo territory annexation to Japan government promising the sole fishery right the Nakai. Second, Japanese fishers who occupied prior to Nakai opposed Nakai's sole rights and insisted their own rights after Dokdo territory annexation. Japan government changed the policy of sea lion fishing rights to license system by the public power and established cooperation company 'Takeshima fishery Co.,' for representative director with Nakai. Japan legalized the Nakai's sole fishery rights and eased fisher's claim. Third, the annexed Dokdo fishing field became completely devastating by the implicit coalition between government and fishers. Nakai used the Dokdo fishing field as private assets and captured sea lion in greed. During 1906~1908, more than 2,000 individuals were captured every year and 73%~86% were female or baby sea lion among them. Big and strong male sea lion was difficult to capture. As a result, Dokdo sea lion fishing field after the annexation and private use was devastated because of excessive fishing at a moment. Nakai hunted excessively because he worried if the fishing field could be turn back to Korea and operated the fishing field exclusively. Japanese government never touched the problem and did not give any sanction about Nakai's over fishing behavior. On the contrary, Japanese government cheered him for the territory annexation of Dokdo and permitted rather Karafuto fur seal fishing field rights to Nakai.