조선후기 ‘問慰行’ 명칭과 성립과정에 대한 재고

Abstract

The diplomatic envoy is a formalized ceremony based on the country's foreign policy because all diplomatic activities among countries are reflecting their foreign policies. Based on this perspective, I investigated Munshihaeng its name and all the related procedures to understand its meaning and consequences. First of all, ‘Munwi’ was reviewed to understand what ‘Munwihaeng’ means. ‘Munwi’ can be interpreted as asking regards, making a warm reception for the guest, or showing hospitality to the guest. Moreover, this ceremony was performed by the higher person to the lower person, so this word was also used to show the rank between Chosun and other countries. To establish the rules of diplomatic protocol, Chosun had built ‘Munwi’ and regulations related it. Based on this diplomatic protocol, Chosun establised a principle for ‘Munwi’ including the activities and the grade of host - ‘Sha(使)’ or ‘Gwan(官)’ - based on the importance of the guest. According to this principle, the dispatching foreign envoys for ‘Munwi’ to Tsushima is lower than the third grade government officer or interpreter who entitle as ‘Gwan(官)’ during the early and late Chosun dynasty. Therefore, it was not appropriate to this aspect to use the name ‘Yeockwansa’, ‘Dohae-Yeockwansa’, ‘Ganggeong- Yeockwansa’ that appeared in previous studies. In addition, the distinction between ‘Munwi-Gwan’ for Sajeol and ‘Munwi-Haeng’ for Sahaeng is the correct name based on this principle. Based on the reconstructing the dispatch procedure of Munwihaeng from historical materials of Chosun and Japan, it was confirmed that the first Munwihaeng was conducted to visit the head of Tsushima in 1629. This first Munwihaeng was dispatched after Hyunbang's visit to Hanyang in May of the same year. During this visit, Hyunbang delivered the message from the Tokugawa General to 'secure the road after Liaodong conquest'. This visit was intended to stimulate Chosun's awareness of crisis. However, Chosun could not confirm the real meaning of this visit even though they barely guessed that Hyunbang wanted to get the permission to receive unpaid cotton in the name of the general of Japan's feudal government. However, Chosun tried to actively solve the current problems in different ways from the past while they seeking the suitable ways for monitoring Japanese domestic affairs. As a consequence of these processes, Chosun dispatched the interpreters for advocating a diplomatic event to express appreciation to the head of Tsushima. In 1632, Munwihaeng was finally established by the message from Tsushima to inform that the head of Tsushima returned from Aedo and the death of the general of Japan's feudal government because Munwihaeng's requirements in 『Jeungjung Gyorinji』 was to inform the return of the head of Tsushima or the family events of the head of Tsushima.