정유재란기 파병 明軍의 구성과 朝･明聯合軍

Abstract

There is a high interest in the Imjin War(壬辰戰爭) over time. This is because of the high historical significance of the cause, process, and results of the Imjin War as a international war in the traditional era. The significance of the Imjin War in Korea, China and Japan can be clearly seen from the difference in the names calling for war. In comparison with the high interest in the Imjin War, the Jeongyu war(丁酉再亂) is relatively recognized as the latter part of the Imjin War, and in depth research on the cause, process and results of the war should be pursued in the future. First, this article analyzes the dispatch demand of Joseon during the period of the Jeongyu war and the process and background of Ming troops' participation in comparison with Imjin War. Second, the structure and command system of the dispatched troops are compared with the command system of Ming period. Third, the operation of Ming troops dispatched, the composition of the Joseon-Ming Allied forces and major battles are summarized by time, and the historical significance of the Ming's military dispatch and the Joseon-Ming Allied forces during the Jeongyu War are analyzed. The Imjin War that took place in 1592 was an early defeat of the Joseon troops, and it was an unfamiliar war in the history of East Asia in which the Ming troops were dispatched at the request of Joseon and the Joseon-Ming Allied Forces were formed. The Ming argued that when the Imjin War broke out, it would send troops in relation to the difficulties of military affairs and the possibility of invasion of the Ming of the Japanese military. Eventually, the Ming, who dispatched the troops, did not win a big victory due to lack of prior knowledge and disregard for the Japanese military. However, the dispatch of the Ming changed the battlefield of the Imjin War and resulted in the unfolding of the war since mid-1393. The dispatched Ming troops were active in negotiating the strengthening to minimize the loss of military power and to end the war with the emperor. On the other hand, Joseon, who was the worst victim of the war, was opposed to the defeat and complete withdrawal of the Japanese troops. The policy of investiture(封貢政策) between the Ming and Japan was different from what the top decision makers of both countries knew, and the negotiators in the middle acted actively. Finally, the policy of investiture, which had not been reported accurately to the Wanli Emperor(萬曆帝) and Toyotomi Hideyoshi(豊臣秀吉), was finished with a breakdown, resulting in the outbreak of the Jeongyu war. The Ming had a high military crisis due to the rebellions and clashes in the western and southwestern borders, and the social, political, and economic turmoil caused by the fire of the Imperial Palace and excessive tax collection made it difficult to dispatch massive troops. Nevertheless, the dispatch of the Ming troops was quicker than in the Imjin War, and in addition to the perception that they were merely warfare due to the invasion of the Imjin War, Japan's aggression in negotiations and the dispatch of the emperor's was break down and undermine authority. The dispatched Ming troops had a problem with the command system similar to the Imjin War period, but the extent and method differed greatly. In other words, the problem of segregation between the military command power and the military administration, the military operation management and the inspection problem by the Army Inspector(監軍) out of a civil servant(文官), the connection with the politicians of the military commanders, conflict between south-troops and north-troops, and so on. Due to these problems, the Ming troops were defeated in numerous battles during the war. In particular, the battle of Ulsan Japanese-built fortress(蔚山倭城戰鬪) was defeated in spite of the fact that the top commander of the Ming troops had been mobilized and had the dominant combat power of the Joseon-Ming allied forces. The result has been a tremendous wave. When Ding-Yingtai(丁應泰) reported to the upper division, Yang-Hao(楊鎬) was one of the top commanders of the Ming troops, and many military commanders were disciplined. Overall, the Joseon-Ming combined operation on ground and naval missions failed in terms of military operations. The perception of the Ming military commander who did not recognize the Joseon military as an object of legitimate coalition operation and the problems of the Ming troops itself were mostly expressed in the Combined Operations. The Jeongyu War, in which there was only a side to insist on war due to the collapse of the strengthening negotiations, had a relatively high level of will to fight against the Imjin War from the viewpoint of the Ming troops, but there was still no detailed analysis of the operations and strategies of the Japanese troops. Finally, the military historical study of the Imjin War and Jeongyu War must identify the concrete warfare among the parties to the Imjin War, which was an international war, and should approach the realistic situation more closely than any other discipline.