중･근세 조선인의 島嶼 경영과 경계인식 고찰

Abstract

From the Silla dynasty, Ulleungdo and Dokdo area were incorporated into Silla called as Usanguk. So was in the Goryeo dynasty being under the jurisdiction of Myeongju province from 1141 on. According to 『Goryeosa』(高麗史), the islands belonged to the administrative district of Donggye(東界) Uljinhyun. However, along with the invasion of Waegu since 1350s, Ulleungdo came to be known as a medium base for plundering the east coast. As the invasion on Gangwon province and east coastal areas continued by Waegu during the period of Joseon, ‘Geominsoechul’(居民刷出) policy was measured to prevent Waegu from utilizing Ulleungdo as a medium base. But, such ‘Geominsoechul’ policy was misapprehended by Japanese historians as a marine policy of Joseon and was called ‘Gongdojeongchaek’. At that time, Tsushima requested the migration of the Japanese to Ulleungdo. Taejong rejected it being a national boundary violation. Both the migrating request of Japan and the prohibition of Joseon are all clear demonstration of their boundary perception. In that circumstance, Joseon dispatched ‘Mureungdeungche oanmusa’ (武陵等處按撫使) and ‘Muruongdosunsim gyeongchagwan’ (武陵島巡審敬差官) to actively manage Ulleungdo. In the late 17th century Sutoje(搜討制) was formally institutionalized caused by ‘An Yong Bok incident’ and it lasted until 1894. Actually, there was no ‘Gongdojeongchaek’ at all, and ‘Geominsoechul’ was a kind of policy to manage Ulleungdo. While implementing ‘Geominsoechul’, Joseon kept island management on Ulleungdo by dispatching Anmusa(按撫使), Gyeongchagwan(敬差官) and Sutogwan(搜討官). Meanwhile, Usanguk(于山國) was described as Usan(于山) and Mureong(武陵), which leaves a question of whether Usan and Mureung are the same island(一島) or separate islands(二島). 『Goryeosa』 or 『Sejongsilrok』 depicted it two different islands, while 『Sinjeungyeojiseungram』 regarded it as one. This document is a case how Joseon perceived boundary of islands in the East Sea. The confusion between ‘One island theory’(一島說) and ‘Two islands theory’(二島說) was settled as ‘Two islands theory’ by 『Donggukmunheonbigo』. This seems a change of boundary perception as a result of the ‘conflict of Ulleungdo’ after the incident of An Yong Bok’s visiting Japan in 1696. With this process, it proved that Usanguk’ consists of two islands of Usan and Mureung and that Usan is Dokdo and Mureung is Ulleungdo.