17세기 종교시와 영시 교육: 던과 허버트의 구원론을 중심으로
Teaching Seventeenth Century Religious Poetry with Donne and Herbert's Concept of Salvation
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Teaching 17th-century "Metaphysical Poets" means to make students to understand what Samuel Johnson says "the combination of dissimilar images" in their poetry by analyzing the process of finding "occult resemblances in things apparently unlike." Especially for most of our students unfamiliar with the Bible or Christianity, religious poems of John Donne and George Herbert are difficult to understand not only because those poems require a complete grasp of their syntax, poetic diction, and so-called "metaphysical conceits," but also because they contain deeply biblical images, metaphors, and allusions. Therefore, it is evitable that a teacher of 17th-century religious poetry must be deeply concerned with Christian values in order to fully explain to his or her students the meaning of each word, phrase, and sentence, which is closely related to various Christian resources, such as the Bible, theology, church, and liturgies, to name a few. Among those various Christian topics, therefore, this study explores the concept of salvation, one of the most important theological concerns of Christianity, demonstrated in Donne (Holy Sonnets) and Herbert (The Temple), and tries to make a distinction between these two representatives of Metaphysical Poets, in terms of their attitude toward the concept. For Donne, salvation does not seem to be a free gift; it is something of which he is not sure until the last moment of his life, while for Herbert, it is something he approaches with certainty. What entangles in this concept is a guilty feeling, suffering, and death, which have formed the Western culture. By teaching our students this basic concept of Christianity, we can lead them to a better understanding of difficult metaphysical and religious poetry of the 17th century.
Abstract
Teaching 17th-century "Metaphysical Poets" means to make students to understand what Samuel Johnson says "the combination of dissimilar images" in their poetry by analyzing the process of finding "occult resemblances in things apparently unlike." Especially for most of our students unfamiliar with the Bible or Christianity, religious poems of John Donne and George Herbert are difficult to understand not only because those poems require a complete grasp of their syntax, poetic diction, and so-called "metaphysical conceits," but also because they contain deeply biblical images, metaphors, and allusions. Therefore, it is evitable that a teacher of 17th-century religious poetry must be deeply concerned with Christian values in order to fully explain to his or her students the meaning of each word, phrase, and sentence, which is closely related to various Christian resources, such as the Bible, theology, church, and liturgies, to name a few. Among those various Christian topics, therefore, this study explores the concept of salvation, one of the most important theological concerns of Christianity, demonstrated in Donne (Holy Sonnets) and Herbert (The Temple), and tries to make a distinction between these two representatives of Metaphysical Poets, in terms of their attitude toward the concept. For Donne, salvation does not seem to be a free gift; it is something of which he is not sure until the last moment of his life, while for Herbert, it is something he approaches with certainty. What entangles in this concept is a guilty feeling, suffering, and death, which have formed the Western culture. By teaching our students this basic concept of Christianity, we can lead them to a better understanding of difficult metaphysical and religious poetry of the 17th century.
참고문헌 (11)
- Cesare, Mario A., "George Herbert and the Seventeenth-Century Religious Poets" (1978), Norton
- Donne, John, "The Complete English Poems of John Donne" (1985), J. M. Dent & Sons
- Dryden, John, "The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis"
- Eliot, T. S., "The Metaphysical Poets In: Selected Essays", pp.281~291 (1921), Faber and Faber
- Grant, Patrick, "The Transformation of Sin" (1974), U of Massachusetts P
- Johnson, Samuel, "Lives of Poets. from Samuel Johnson: Selected Poetry and Prose" (1977), U of California P
- Knights, L. C., "Explorations: Essays in Criticism Mainly on the Literature of the Seventeenth Century", pp.112~130 (1946), Chatto & Windus
- Milton, John, "John Milton: Complete Poems and Major Porse" (1957), Macmillan
- Tuve, Rosemond, "A Reading of George Herbert" (1952), Faber & Faber
- Veith, Gene Edward, Jr., "Teaching about the Religion of the Metaphysical Poets In: Approaches to Teaching the Metaphysical Poets", pp.54~60 (1990), Modern Language Association of America
- Walton, Izaac, "Lives of Dr. John Donne, Sir Henry Wotton, Mr. Richard Hooker, Mr. George Herbert, and Dr. Robert Sanderson" (1824), Oxford UP