존 던의 「거룩한 소네트」와 참회시의 특성
John Donne's Holy Sonnets and the Peculiar Features of the Penitential Psalms
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It has been customary to relate Donne's sonnets to the spiritual since Helen Gardner regarded the "Holy Sonnets" as formal meditations inspired by Ignatius Loyala's Spiritual Exercises. There can be little doubt that some of the sonnets are structured on the threefold method of meditation based on the faculties of memory, understanding, and will. In addition, some scholars have read his works under the backgrounds of Medieval & Renaissance, especially Petrarchism. However, this paper pays attention to the fact that the spirit of Donne's Holy Sonnets rooted in the psalms of ancient Israelite poets. For example, "Batter my heart, three person'd God" reveals the full pattern of the lament. We can read this poem as a variant of one of the Penitential Psalms(102). By the comparative study on the Seven Penitential Psalms(6, 32, 51, 102, 130, 143) and the Holy Sonnets this paper comes to a conclusion as follows: Firstly, there are common elements between them. That is to say, speakers in the Penitential Psalms and the Holy Sonnets are in a hard conflict and flight. What's more God does not seem to respond to their cry for help. In spite of God's silence they finally rely on <ḥesed> as God's everlasting love, which rooted on covenant between God and Israel(God's believers). Secondly, In expressing of feelings, thoughts, problems Donne had been influenced by the Psalmists in terms of forms of expression. That is, he frequently used the formal expression of the laments: "Why~?" and "How long~?", these forms of question are the speaker's typical rethoric formula in laments. Finally, the sequential pattern of the Holy Sonnets are quite similar to those in the Penitential Psalms and laments. Address to God, complaints, words of assurance, vow to praise, these are sequential in laments. Even though there are some laconic variations the basic pattern is retained in the Holy Sonnets.
Abstract
It has been customary to relate Donne's sonnets to the spiritual since Helen Gardner regarded the "Holy Sonnets" as formal meditations inspired by Ignatius Loyala's Spiritual Exercises. There can be little doubt that some of the sonnets are structured on the threefold method of meditation based on the faculties of memory, understanding, and will. In addition, some scholars have read his works under the backgrounds of Medieval & Renaissance, especially Petrarchism. However, this paper pays attention to the fact that the spirit of Donne's Holy Sonnets rooted in the psalms of ancient Israelite poets. For example, "Batter my heart, three person'd God" reveals the full pattern of the lament. We can read this poem as a variant of one of the Penitential Psalms(102). By the comparative study on the Seven Penitential Psalms(6, 32, 51, 102, 130, 143) and the Holy Sonnets this paper comes to a conclusion as follows: Firstly, there are common elements between them. That is to say, speakers in the Penitential Psalms and the Holy Sonnets are in a hard conflict and flight. What's more God does not seem to respond to their cry for help. In spite of God's silence they finally rely on <ḥesed> as God's everlasting love, which rooted on covenant between God and Israel(God's believers). Secondly, In expressing of feelings, thoughts, problems Donne had been influenced by the Psalmists in terms of forms of expression. That is, he frequently used the formal expression of the laments: "Why~?" and "How long~?", these forms of question are the speaker's typical rethoric formula in laments. Finally, the sequential pattern of the Holy Sonnets are quite similar to those in the Penitential Psalms and laments. Address to God, complaints, words of assurance, vow to praise, these are sequential in laments. Even though there are some laconic variations the basic pattern is retained in the Holy Sonnets.
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