類書를 통해 본 조선 士人의 醫學에 대한 인식

Abstract

Joseon endeavored to collect, arrange and disseminate the practical knowledge of medical science and other fields after it had founded a nation and somewhat stabilized the political situation. The knowledge about medical science was considerably included in Chinese Classical Encyclopedias - the sum of knowledge - by the conditions and needs of the times. Through Lee-Ik(李瀷)'s 『Seonghosaseol(星湖僿說)』, consciousness about medicine of classical scholars at that time was seen clearly. Joseon's medical treatment was related to low production level at that time. With national level, it enhanced a medical standard and fostered great doctors, but unenlightened doctor ruined medical treatments in non-official circles. It had no choice but to overflow the medical nihilism, medical uselessness and fatalism in such society, In 「Medicine(醫藥)」, 「Medical(醫)」 and 「Yonguisalin(庸醫殺人)」, Lee-Ik(李瀷) refuted the fatalism and the medical uselessness. He explained that the main cause was in quack doctor who rightly didn't use medicine. Besides medicine took effect by environment, eating habits, physical constitution and physical strength, so he asserted that the medical uselessness was not insisted. Through medical books, Lee-Ik(李瀷) not only learned the herbal medicine and medical knowledge, but analyzed the merits and demerits of medical books. In 「Boncho(本草)」, Lee-Ik(李瀷) expressed his opinion about problem of medical books and he made a hard-headed estimation about merits and demerits of 『Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)』 that was considered the greatest medical books in Korea. Also he was interested in western medical science. In 「Ojangdo(五臟圖)」, though medical practice is a very important technology that rescues people from the pain of disease and prolongs a life, when it causes contradiction with ethics, Lee-Ik(李瀷) asserted that we put ethics before medical practice. But he opposed the fundamentalism that put ethics before everything in any case. In 「Gyugwa(刲胯)」, when the ethics is in conflict with the law of nature and human feeling which are considered general value, he asserted that we judge the value by the law of nature and human feeling.