벤처캐피탈의 투자성과 분석: 정부벤처캐피탈과 민간벤처캐피탈의 비교
A Study on the Analysis of Investment Performance of Government Venture Capital and Private Venture Capital
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본 연구의 목적은 정부벤처캐피탈(Government Venture Capital: GVC) 단독으로 벤처기업에 투자한 성과와 민간벤처캐피탈(Private Venture Capital: PVC) 단독으로 벤처기업에 투자한 성과를 비교하여 양 집단 사이 차별적 투자성과가 있는지 분석하는 데 있다. 2008년부터 2017년까지 10년 사이 벤처캐피탈이 제조업에 투자한 1,046건 즉, GVC 투자기업 278건, PVC 투자기업 768건을 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 최초 투자시 GVC투자기업이 PVC투자기업보다 더 큰 규모의 투자유치 증대 효과가 있음을 발견하였다. 그리고 최대주주의 지분율이 클수록 기업을 책임 있게 운영할 가능성이 크다는 신호를 시장에 주어 벤처캐피탈이 큰 규모의 투자를 최초에 단행한다고 판단할 수 있다. 이는 GVC가 자본시장에 참여해 자본시장에서 발생하는 투자자와 기업가 사이 정보비대칭에 기인한 시장실패 방지(Queen, 2002)의 정책목적성을 달성한다고 판단할 수 있다. 둘째, IPO를 통해 투자금액을 회수한 기업비율이 유의하게 높았으며, M&A 등을 통해 투자금액을 회수한 기업비율, IPO와 M&A 등을 통해 투자금액을 회수한 기업비율이 체계적으로 유의한 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 발견하였다. 이는 GVC투자기업이 PVC투자기업보다 투자회수 성과가 높음을 의미한다. 그리고 최대주주의 지분율이 클수록 IPO, M&A 등을 통해 투자금액을 회수하는데 긍정적인 영향을 보여주었다. 이는 정책목적성을 띤 GVC의 역할을 입증한다고 볼 수 있다. 다만, 투자기업에 GVC와 PVC가 혼재되어 있는 경우도 여전히 GVC가 정책목적성을 달성하고 있는지 그리고 GVC가 PVC를 리드하여 투자유치 증대 효과를 보이는지에 대한 분석이 필요하다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare the independent investment performance of Government Venture Capital (GVC) to that of Private Venture Capital (PVC) for any discriminatory investment performance between the two groups. Over the 10-year period from 2008 to the end of 2017, 1,046 cases of venture capital investing in manufacturing, 278 cases of GVC investment company and 768 cases of PVC investment company were extracted as analysis data. The analysis results are as follows: First, on initial investment, the GVC investment entity found that it had a greater incentive to attract investment than the PVC investment entity. And the larger the shareholding ratio of the largest shareholders, the more likely it is to operate the company responsibly, which could be judged that venture capital first carried out large-scale investments. Second, the ratio of companies to which investment amount was recovered through IPO was significantly high, and the ratio of companies to which investment amount was collected through M&A, and the ratio to which investment amount was collected through IPO and M&A had a significant positive effect However, even when there is a mix of GVC and PVC in an investment entity, it is still necessary to analyze whether GVC achieves policy objectives and whether GVC leads PVC to increase investment inducement.
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